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---
title: color
description:
published: true
date: 2023-04-28T02:38:18.678Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T02:22:37.379Z
---
# Style and Colors in the terminal
who doesn't love Style and Colors?
---
## Style is a mixed bag in terms of support
Some things are rarely supported, but it won't hurt.
| Number | Style | Code | Disable | Support |
| ------ | ----- | ---- | ------- | ------- |
| 0 | Reset | "\e[0m" | | All |
| 1 | Bold | "\e[1m" | "\e[22m" | All |
| 2 | thin | "\e[2m" | "\e[22m" | Most |
| 3 | Cursive | "\e[3m" | "\e[23m" | Most |
| 4 | Underline | "\e[4m" | "\e[24m" | Most |
| 5 | Blinking Slow | "\e[5m" | "\e[25m" | Most |
| 6 | Blinking Fast | "\e[6m" | "\e[25m" | Some |
| 7 | Inverted Color | "\e[7m" | "\e[27m" | All |
| 8 | Conceal | "\e[8m" | "\e[28m" | Some |
| 9 | Striketrough | "\e[9m" | "\e[29m" | Most |
| 11-20 | Other Fonts | "\e[11-20m" | "\e[10m" | Most |
| 21 | Double Underline | "\e[21m" | "\e[24m" | Some |
| 26 | No Monospace | "\e[26m" | "\e[50m" | Some |
| 51 | Framed | "\e[51m" | "\e[54m" | Some |
| 52 | Circled | "\e[52m" | "\e[54m" | Some |
| 53 | Overline | "\e[53m" | "\e[55m" | Some |
---
## The 8 colors supported by all modern terminal emulators
3 bit color, a bit strange but every bit was valueable back then
| Number | Color | Foreground | Background |
| ------ | ----- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 0 | Black | "\e[30m" | "\e[40m" |
| 1 | Red | "\e[31m" | "\e[41m" |
| 2 | Green | "\e[32m" | "\e[42m" |
| 3 | Yellow | "\e[33m" | "\e[43m" |
| 4 | Blue | "\e[34m" | "\e[44m" |
| 5 | Magenta | "\e[35m" | "\e[45m" |
| 6 | Cyan | "\e[36m" | "\e[46m" |
| 7 | White | "\e[37m" | "\e[47m" |
| 9 | Reset | "\e[39m" | "\e[49m" |
---
## Combinations are supported by all modern terminal emulators
In general try to do style first, then color
| Code | Description |
| ---- | ----------- |
| "\e[0;0m" | Reset All |
| "\e[1;3m" | Bold and Cursive |
| "\e[30;44m" | Black letters on Blue background |
| "\e[1;30;47m" | Bold Black letters on White background |
| "\e[45;32m" | Green letters on Magenta Background |
| "\e[1;3;4;5m" | Bold Cursive Underlined and Blinking slow |
| "\e[2;9;31;46m" | Thin Striketrough Style with Red letters on Cyan background |
---
## Bright Colors are supported by most modern terminal emulators
4 bit color, With a added brighter variant of the 8 default colors
| Number | Color | Foreground | Background |
| ------ | ----- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 0 | Black | "\e[90m" | "\e[100m" |
| 1 | Red | "\e[91m" | "\e[101m" |
| 2 | Green | "\e[92m" | "\e[102m" |
| 3 | Yellow | "\e[93m" | "\e[103m" |
| 4 | Blue | "\e[94m" | "\e[104m" |
| 5 | Magenta | "\e[95m" | "\e[105m" |
| 6 | Cyan | "\e[96m" | "\e[106m" |
| 7 | White | "\e[97m" | "\e[107m" |
| 9 | Reset | "\e[39m" | "\e[49m" |
---
## 256 Colors are supported by most modern terminal emulators
8 bit color this is the most common among terminal emulators
0 to 15 are the 8 standard and 8 bright colors
16 to 231 are the extra colors
232 to 255 are some extra grayscale options
| Number | Foreground | Background | Underline |
| ------ | ---------- | ---------- | --------- |
| 0 | "\e[38;5;0m" | "\e[48;5;0m" | "\e[58;5;0m" |
| 1 | "\e[38;5;1m" | "\e[48;5;1m" | "\e[58;5;1m" |
| 2 | "\e[38;5;2m" | "\e[48;5;2m" | "\e[58;5;2m" |
| 3 | "\e[38;5;3m" | "\e[48;5;3m" | "\e[58;5;3m" |
| ... | "\e[38;5;...m" | "\e[48;5;...m" | "\e[58;5;...m" |
| 255 | "\e[38;5;255m" | "\e[48;5;255m" | "\e[58;5;255m" |
| Reset | "\e[39m" | "\e[49m" | "\e[59m" |
#### You can print all of the 256 colors using the following command
print "Basic 16 colors are part of the 256 colors"; for i in {0..15}; do print -Pn "%K{$i} %k%F{$i}${(l:3::0:)i}%f " ${${(M)$(($((i+1))%8))#0}:+"\n"}; done; print "The Extra Colors in 256 colors"; for i in {16..231}; do print -Pn "%K{$i} %k%F{$i}${(l:3::0:)i}%f " ${${(M)$(($((i-3))%12))#0}:+"\n"}; done; print "The Grayscale options in 256 colors"; for i in {232..255}; do print -Pn "%K{$i} %k%F{$i}${(l:3::0:)i}%f " ${${(M)$(($((i-3))%6))#0}:+"\n"}; done
---
## True Color is supported by some modern terminal emulators
24 bit color which is all the color we need for our puny little human eyes
You can replace any of the RGB values you want with your own custom colors
| Color | Foreground | Background | Underline |
| ----- | ---------- | ---------- | --------- |
| Black | "\e[38;2;0;0;0m" | "\e[48;2;0;0;0m" | "\e[58;2;0;0;0m" |
| Red | "\e[38;2;255;0;0m" | "\e[48;2;255;0;0m" | "\e[58;2;255;0;0m" |
| Green | "\e[38;2;0;255;0m" | "\e[48;2;0;255;0m" | "\e[58;2;0;255;0m" |
| Yellow | "\e[38;2;255;255;0m" | "\e[48;2;255;255;0m" | "\e[58;2;255;255;0m" |
| Blue | "\e[38;2;0;0;255m" | "\e[48;2;0;0;255m" | "\e[58;2;0;0;255m" |
| Magenta | "\e[38;2;255;0;255m" | "\e[48;2;255;0;255m" | "\e[58;2;255;0;255m" |
| Cyan | "\e[38;2;0;255;255m" | "\e[48;2;0;255;255m" | "\e[58;2;0;255;255m" |
| White | "\e[38;2;255;255;255m" | "\e[48;2;255;255;255m" | "\e[58;2;255;255;255m" |
| RGB | "\e[38;2;R;G;Bm" | "\e[48;2;R;G;Bm" | "\e[58;2;R;G;Bm" |
| Reset | "\e[39m" | "\e[49m" | "\e[59m" |
---

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---
title: 00 Introduction
description: Start Here
published: true
date: 2023-04-28T19:51:11.756Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T05:31:54.093Z
---
# Introduction
This guide will set you up with a fresh Arch Linux installation, And if you want a Server, Clean installation or Complete general purpose installation with most of the applications you will ever need, And a graphical package manager in the case you need even more.
But before we can go there you need to understand a few things.
# Basic Instructions
Understand a command before you execute it, Executing code you don't understand is the best way to break your machine, let your machine get raped, get scammed, or end up in prison. So understand every letter of a command before you execute it.
Be sure to read everything, On this page but also the output of the terminal. Not only because you need to know what you are doing, but also because there are a lot of parameters that need to be changed.
No response means everything went well, If you get an error back make sure you typed the command correctly
# Basic Commands
Troughout the guide we will use several basic commands, The guide assumes you know what they do, And I do not allow you to run a command you do not understand.
`pwd` print working directory
If you type `pwd` in a terminal and press enter it will show in which directory you are at the moment.
`ls` list
it will display all contents of the current directory. I would recommend using this with the options -a and -l `ls -la` would list all files including hidden files in a list with some handy details.
`mkdir` make directory
creates a directory. `mkdir bla` would create a folder called bla in the current directory
`cd` change directory
change to a different directory. `cd bla` would move you to the folder bla in the current directory.
`touch` touch
it will create a file and update the time if it already exists. `touch bla` would create an empty file called bla
`cp` copy
it will copy a file `cp file1 file2` would copy file1 to file2, `cp -r folder1 ../folder2` would copy folder 1 to folder2 next to this directory.
`mv` move
move does the same as copy, only it will move the file or folder and not leave a duplicate, This command is also used to rename files and folders using `mv file1 file2` will rename file1 into file2.
`ln` link
link is used to create links between files, kind of like "Shortcuts" on Windows. we create links like this `ln -sf realfile linkfile` now linkfile will point to realfile and if you make changes to one both will be affected.
`exit` exit
Kinda obvious, but here we exit the shell, if you open bash by typing `bash` pressing enter and then type `exit` and press enter you would be back in the terminal where you started.
`reboot` reboot
Also very obvious, this one reboots your machine, just type `reboot` and press enter
`chmod` change mode
With this you can change the permissions on a file or folder like so `chmod +x file` it would make file executable for everyone, you can do + and - to add and remove permissions, r is read, w is write and x is execute. You can also use numbers like so `chmod 755 file` it would give all permissions to the owner, but only read and execute for the group and others. 4 is read, 2 is write, 1 is execute, you can add them to give multiple rights, so 4 would be read, 6 would be read and write, 7 would be all rights. `chmod 421 file` would make the file readable for only the owner, writeable for only the group, and executable only for others.
`chown` change owner
This changes the owner of a file, a file has a owner, and a file belongs to a group, you can set both like so `chown owner:group file` file will now be owned by owner and belong to the group group.
`echo` echo
echo simply repeats whatever argument you give it `echo Hello` would print back "Hello"
`sudo` super user do
sudo allows you to execute commands as a different user it is mostly used for executing something as the root user `sudo bash` would open a new terminal as the root user. It is not recommended to use your system as the root user, therefore sudo was invented, just use sudo if you need to do something as root. But again, know what you execute.
There are lots and lots more, but these are all you need to know for this guide.
# Basic Syntax
` ` space
The space is a seperator, it seperates commands from the options and the options from the arguments, different forms of whitespace can be used
`/` forward slash
this means next folder if you lead with it you will get an absolute path `/home/user/file` is an absolute path. `./file` or `file` is a relative path, it will expect file in the current directory
`.` period
Current directory, you can use it as an argument for many commands it is most often used to execute something in or on the current directory like `./executable` or `chown user .`
`..` double period
Upper Directory, probably most often used for `cd` like so `cd ../..` to go up 2 directories you can also use it to execute a file in a relative directory like so `../folder/executable`
`\` backslash
Escape character, is used for lots of things, but we only use it for when we want to use a character that has a special meaning, for example space, if we want open a file with vim called "A B C" we would run this command `vim A\ B\ C`
`>` Is Greater Than
overwrite file, when you see this character in a command it is redirecting the output, for the scope of this guide we will use it to redirect output to a file but appending a file behind it, like so `echo Hello > file` will overwrite the content of file with Hello.
`>>` Double Is Greater Than
add to end of file, it does the same as the Greater Than above, but this one doesn't overwrite but adds the output on a new line in the file.
`*` Asterisk
wildcard, expands to everything you can use it to open all files in the current directory using `vim *` only open .c files with `vim *.c` or open all files in every folder `vim */*` ofcourse this also works with absolute paths.
There are lots and lots more, but this is all the syntax you need to know for this guide
# Vim Basics
Vim is this amazing text editor, it is without a doubt the best text editor in existance, you can do more with it than you will ever be able to remember. all in such a nice small extendable package. Yes emacs can do more, But we just want a text editor, not play tetris and browse the web :P
One important thing to know about vim is that it uses different modes, and in the "normal" mode you can't insert characters normally. There are 3 modes in vim; Normal, Insert and Visual.
Normal mode is the default mode in Vim, you can always go back to it from other modes by pressing `esc` on your keyboard. In Normal mode you can look at the file, execute commands that start with `:` search for something by pressing `/` and much much more.
Insert mode is where we edit the file as if it was a normal text editor, you can press `i` to go into it after the cursor, there are different ways to get into it, but they are out of scope for this guide.
Visual mode is not relevant for this guide, but you can use it, if you press `v` from normal mode you go into visual mode to select text, `d` to cut and `y` to copy. You can also select whole lines with `shift + v` and select a block with `ctrl + v`
The last thing you need to know are commands, with these commands you can save a file, quit vim, or manipulate the text in ways you can't imagine, listing all commands and explaining it alone would make this guide much larger than it is now, so just a few relevant ones.
go to the end of the line by pressing `$`
go to the beginning with `0`
go to the end of file with `G`
go back to the beginning with `g`
go to line 34 with `34gg`
paste content with `p`
cut a line with `dd`
to save a file type `:w` and press enter
to quit vim type `:q` and press enter
to force an action like `q` and `w` add `!` to your command like this `:q!` or `:w!`
You can also combine actions like so `:wq!`
to execute a terminal command type `:! command` and press enter
# Next
Congratulations, You already know more about Linux and Vim than the average person
Next up is the actual installation you can simply click on "01 Base" on the left side

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---
title: 01 Base
description:
published: true
date: 2024-02-23T15:26:55.562Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T05:21:30.128Z
---
# Creating the Bootable USB
First we need to download the latest version of the Arch installation media
Open a webbrowser and go to https://www.archlinux.org/download/
Here you can download the latest image, I recommend using the Torrent or Magnet link, But if you don't have a torrent client you can scroll down for HTTP downloads.
Wait for the download to finish.
Next we need to burn the ISO file to an empty USB
If you are already on Linux you probably know how to flash an image to USB, if not try to right click the .ISO file and open with image writer, Just select the right drive and click write/flash/revert
If you are on Windows I recommend downloading Etcher
https://www.balena.io/etcher/
Just download the portable version or install the normal version and open the program
Select the .ISO file as the image, The USB as the drive and click flash
After it is finished you should have a bootable Arch USB.
# Booting the USB
Next we need to boot the USB drive, We need to get in the BIOS for that.
Turn off the device and put the USB in the device and keep pressing f2/Del/etc while turning it on to get into your BIOS, Most of the times you will get a screen where it tells you which button you need to press to enter the BIOS
When you are in the BIOS Navigate to the boot screen and make sure the USB is on top. In most cases you can change their priority with F5/F6 or +/-.
Press F10, select yes and press enter to save the settings and reboot,
Now you just have to wait untill you are logged in as the root user on the arch iso
# Check your boot mode
Run the following command to see if you are running in UEFI mode
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
If it shows you a bunch of filenames you are in UEFI mode.
If you get an error you are in BIOS mode. If you are sure your system has UEFI disable legacy boot mode or force UEFI in the BIOS. If you can not get the USB to boot into UEFI you can use the legacy mode.
Remember which boot mode you use, It will be important later on.
# Set your Keyboard Layout for the installation
If you use US International as your keyboard layout you can skip this step.
To list all available keyboard layouts run
localectl list-keymaps
navigate with the arrow keys to choose the right keyboard layout for your keyboard when you made your choice press q to quit and run the following command with your keyboard layout
loadkeys layout
for Turkey layout would be replaced with trq for German it would be replaced with de-latin1
If you have set a custom layout remember which layout you set, It will be important later on.
# Make sure you have a network connection
If you are wired you can skip the WiFi step But test the connection either way.
If you use Wifi or have no option to connect a cable run the following command
iwctl
You should spawn in an alternative prompt, run the following command to check for devices
device list
Remember the name of the device and use it in the following command to let it scan for networks
station wlan0 scan
Then run the following command to display the scan results
station wlan0 get-networks
And finally you should be able to connect using the Device name and the Network Name (SSID)
station wlan0 connect SSID
Simply enter the password of your wifi if it asks for it.
then exit the alternative prompt with the following command
exit
run the following command to test your network connection.
ping archlinux.org
If you get a ping back hit CTRL + C and go to the next step
It your network device is powered down it is probably soft blocked, in that case run the following command
rfkill unblock all
# Make sure the time is set correctly
Not having the right time will prevent your system from installing anything so run the following command
timedatectl set-ntp true
Check which disk you want to install Arch on
Run the following command to list all connected drives
fdisk -l
Check which disk you want to install on, **/dev/sda** or **/dev/nvme0n1** for example, I am going to use **/dev/nvme0n1** from this point on, Remember or write down the drive you want to install on and always replace **/dev/nvme0n1** with the right drive.
# Partitioning the disk (UEFI)
**Only do this part if you are in UEFI boot mode.**
Start fdisk with the drive of your choice.
fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
Now we are in fdisk, you can press m for help in the program, But if you do exactly as below everything should be alright
#### Disk Options
1. Hit d and then enter untill there are no more partitions left.
2. Hit g Then press enter, This will make it a gpt disk
#### Boot Partition
1. Press n and then enter to make our first partition
2. press 2 and press enter to give it partition number 2
3. just press enter to put it in the beginning of the disk
4. type +2G to give it 2GB for the boot partition and press enter
5. press t and press enter to set the type
6. skip this step if 2 is preselected otherwise, press 2 and press enter to select the second partition
7. type 1 and hit enter this will make the second partition an EFI partition.
#### Swap Partition
1. press n and press enter to create our swap partition
2. press 3 and press enter to give it partition number 3
3. press enter again to put it next to the previous partition
4. type +8G to give it 8GB swap,
If you have less ram I would recommend making it equal to your ram, So +4G if you have 4GB Ram.
5. press t and press enter to set the type
6. press 3 and press enter to select the third partition
7. type 19 and hit enter this will make the third partition a Swap partition.
#### Root Partition
1. press n to create our final root partition
2. press 1 and press enter to give it partition number 1
3. press enter again to put it next to the previous partition
4. press enter again to give it the remaining space on the disk.
5. press t and press enter to set the type
6. press 1 and press enter to select the first partition
7. type 20 and press enter this will make the first partition a Linux filesystem.
#### Apply changes
1. Finally hit w and press enter to write all changes to disk
# Partitioning the disk (BIOS)
**Only do this part if you are in BIOS boot mode.**
Start fdisk with the drive of your choice.
fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
Now we are in fdisk, you can press m for help in the program, But if you do exactly as below everything should be alright
#### Disk Options
1. Hit d and then enter untill there are no more partitions left.
2. Hit o Then press enter, This will make it a mbr disk
#### Boot Partition
1. Press n and then enter to make our first partition
2. press p and press enter to make it a primary partition
3. press 2 and press enter to give it partition number 2
4. just press enter to put it in the beginning of the disk
5. type +2G to give it 2GB for the boot partition
6. press t and press enter to set the type
7. press 2 and press enter to select the second partition
8. type 83 and hit enter this will make the second partition an EFI partition.
#### Swap Partition
1. press n and press enter to create our swap partition
2. press p and press enter to make it a primary partition
3. press 3 and press enter to give it partition number 3
4. press enter again to put it next to the previous partition
5. type +8G to give it 8GB swap,
If you have less ram I would recommend making it equal to your ram, So +4G if you have 4GB Ram.
6. press t and press enter to set the type
7. press 3 and press enter to select the third partition
8. type a and hit enter this will make the third partition a Swap partition.
#### Root Partition
1. press n to create our final root partition
2. press p and press enter to make it a primary partition
3. press 1 and press enter to give it partition number 1
4. press enter again to put it next to the previous partition
5. press enter again to give it the remaining space on the disk.
6. press t and press enter to set the type
7. press 1 and press enter to select the first partition
8. type 82 and press enter this will make the first partition a Linux filesystem.
#### Apply changes
1. Finally hit w and press enter to write all changes to disk
# Format Partitions
Now we have set the partitions and the labels now we are going to format them all
Be sure that you replace /dev/nvme0n1p# with the correct drive and partition If if is /dev/sda be sure to include the partition number /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3. For the /dev/nvme0n1 you need to add a p and then the partition number so /dev/nvme0n1p1, /dev/nvme0n1p2 and /dev/nvme0n1p3
First we need to give the root partition a filesystem You can opt for btrfs, f2fs or ext4.
btrfs is a newer filesystem with a lot of very cool features, It is not great for databases tho, so if you plan to go for a server it is not the best choice if your database is going to be on your root partition. I have not tested this one with encryption. But let me know how it goes :)
f2fs is made with SSDs in mind, it might be the best choice for SSDs. Also not tested this one with encryption, But let me know how it goes :)
ext4 is very stable and thourogly tested, you can't really go wrong with this one.
So pick a single one of the following options
mkfs.btrfs /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkfs.f2fs /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1
Then we make the boot partition fat 32
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p2
Make partition 3 swap
mkswap /dev/nvme0n1p3
Then enable swap on partition 3
swapon /dev/nvme0n1p3
# Full Disk Encryption (Optional)
Encryption is completely optional, If you don't want it, just skip this step completely.
Many things can go wrong, and if you forget your password the data is lost, Nothing you can do to recover it. Use it at your own risk.
I would recommend Encryption for Mobile devices that hold sensitive data, Laptops you take with you for example.
I would not recommend Encryption for desktops, unless you are worried someone can get physical access.
make the root partition an LUKS partition
cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat /dev/nvme0n1p1
Mount the encrypted partition to cryptroot
cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p1 cryptroot
Create a ext4 filesystem on the encrypted partition
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/cryptroot
You can also encrypt swap if you want to
swapoff /dev/nvme0n1p3
cryptsetup -y -v luksFormat /dev/nvme0n1p3
cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p3 cryptswap
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap
You can encrypt any partition you want, just don't encrypt the boot partition because this guide doesn't cover that, and it is pretty useless imho.
# Mounting the partitions
now we are going to mount the 2 partitions and create the /boot directory
Be sure that you replace /dev/nvme0n1p# with the correct drive and partition If it is /dev/sda be sure to include the partition number /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2. If it is /dev/nvme0n1 you need to add a p and then the partition number so /dev/nvme0n1p1 and /dev/nvme0n1p2.
mount the first partition to /mnt, if you use encryption you mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot here
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt
create the /boot directory
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount the second partition to /mnt/boot
mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 /mnt/boot
# Install the base system
The following command will install the base system and a text editor we need later on.
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel vim
# Install a Kernel
You can stick to the normal kernel, but you have options
For Desktop use I would recommend the zen kernel
For A Server I would recommend the hardened kernel
so install the kernel you want with one of the following commands
pacstrap /mnt linux linux-headers
pacstrap /mnt linux-zen linux-zen-headers
pacstrap /mnt linux-hardened linux-hardened-headers
# Generate the fstab file
Generating the fstab file will take all mounted partitions and add them to a file so they mount at boot so if you have any more drives you want to mount at boot mount it before you run the command.
Run the following command
genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
# chroot into the new system
chroot is a tool to treat any directory as its root directory, In a way we "break" into the system from the live image, So we will switch from USB to your drive with the following command.
arch-chroot /mnt
# Set your timezone and time
If you are unsure about your timezone you can list all timezones with the following command.
timedatectl list-timezones
go up and down with the arrows look for your timezone and hit q to exit.
Next we are going to change the timezone to the one you selected
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/your/timezone /etc/localtime
Replace your/timezone with your correct timezone Europe/Amsterdam for example
Finally run hwclock to generate the time file
hwclock --systohc
# Generate the locale and set the language
run the following command and remove the # in front of en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and any other locales you need.
vim /etc/locale.gen
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and exit
Run the following command to generate the locales
locale-gen
Next we are going to set the language run the following command
vim /etc/locale.conf
The language you want your system to be should be in this file in this form, if you want it Dutch for example you change en_US.UTF-8 to nl_NL.UTF-8
```
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
```
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and quit
If you have not set a different keyboard layout in the earlier part "Set your keyboard layout for installation" you can skip the rest of the commands in this step.
If you have set a different layout back in the earlier part "Set your keyboard layout for installation" run the following command
vim /etc/vconsole.conf
add the keyboard layout you set in the beginning.
```
KEYMAP=layout
```
layout should be trq for Turkish and de-latin1 for German
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and quit
# Set the hostname and hosts file
Next we are going to set the hostname, This is the name of your device in the local network.
vim /etc/hostname
enter a good name for your device without any capital letters or spaces. You can just call it laptop or personal-computer
```
coolcomputername
```
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and quit
Now we have to create a file, run
vim /etc/hosts
Type exactly whats below replacing yourdevicename with the name you just gave your device in /etc/hostname
You can use the tab key for the spaces to make it lign up properly
```
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 yourdevicename.localdomain yourdevicename
```
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and quit
# Set the root password
now we have to set a root password
The root user is like the superuser or administrator account, You will need this password to update your system or change anything outside your personal home folder.
run the following command then type your new password, hit enter, then again to confirm.
passwd
# Configure Pacman
Pacman is the PACkage MANager of Arch Linux, It is great, but we can make it even better :)
First we are going to open the pacman.conf file to make some adjustments
vim /etc/pacman.conf
Under Misc Options uncomment UseSysLog, Color and Parallel Downloads You can also up the number. And add ILoveCandy to get the other Pacman to appear too :)
```
# Misc options
UseSyslog
Color
#NoProgressBar
CheckSpace
#VerbosePkgLists
ParallelDownloads = 16
ILoveCandy
```
Also add base and grub after HoldPkg
```
HoldPkg = pacman glibc base grub
```
Hit esc then :wq and enter to save and quit
Next up are the mirrors, The defaults are okay and this takes a while, but for faster speeds I would seriously recommend this step. So go ahead and install reflector
pacman -S reflector
then just run reflector with the following command
reflector --latest 200 --protocol https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
You will see a bunch of errors but that is normal, just let it run and wait untill the prompt shows up again.
# Install Microcode (Optional) PROPRIETARY
Now we are going to install the microcode, this is PROPRIETARY but it will improve stability, choose the right one for your CPU, you can install none if you are in doubt or don't want any non free software on your machine.
AMD
pacman -S amd-ucode
Intel
pacman -S intel-ucode
# install and configure grub
grub stands for GRand Unified Bootloader just so you know.
Now we are going to install grub, only do UEFI or BIOS depending on your system
UEFI
pacman -S grub efibootmgr
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=Arch
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
BIOS
pacman -S grub
grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/nvme0n1
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# Full Disk Encryption (Optional)
if you did the first Encryption part you can NOT skip this step
If you did not go for disk encryption after formatting the disks you MUST skip this step
First we need to get the UUID of the root partition of /dev/nvme0n1p1 in this case and remember it
blkid
We need to include it in the grub config so open the grub file
vim /etc/default/grub
Look for the following GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT somewhere at the top
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=3 quiet"
```
Adjust it so the line looks like this remember that you have to replace UUID with the correct UUID.
```
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=3 quiet rd.luks.name=UUID=root root=/dev/mapper/root"
```
Now let grub generate a new config file
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Open the mkinitcpio.conf file
vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
Look for the following HOOKS line, it should be somewhere at the bottom
```
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems fsck)
```
Make it look like this (order is important)
```
HOOKS=(base systemd autodetect keyboard modconf block sd-encrypt filesystems fsck)
```
finally run the following command to generate the new image
mkinitcpio -p linux
# Creating the user
Now it is time to create a user account, This is where you log into, It can do almost everything except install software or change things outside of your personal folder.
you need to remember your username and you can not have capital letters in your username
useradd -m yourusername
Set a password for the user, You will log into the device with this password, You can make it the same as the root account.
passwd yourusername
enter a new password and press enter twice
# install and configure sudo
Sudo allows you to do root stuff while logged in as a user, It will probably become your most used command so install it.
pacman -S sudo
Now we need to add your username to the sudoers file, run the following command
vim /etc/sudoers
Look for the lines under User Privilege Specification There should be a line root ALL=(ALL) ALL Add your username in the exact same manner one line below it so that part looks like this.
```
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
yourusername ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
```
You can also make your computer try to insult you if you enter a wrong password, Just add a line with the following content under the Defaults Specification
```
Defaults insults
```
Hit esc then :wq and Enter to save and quit
# Reboot into your Installation
Now you can exit the chroot
exit
Reboot the system and remove the USB drive when the screen turns black
reboot
# Next
Next up depends on you, Do you want a desktop environment? or do you want a server?
This guide expects you only to do one of the next steps, so choose between GNOME, KDE or Server.
Installing GNOME and KDE and the Server all on one machine is possible, I wouldn't recommend it, but this guide doesn't expect that and several components will collide which might result in some unexpected behavior.

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<!--
title: 02 Server Iptables
description: a little bigger note on iptables
published: true
date: 2024-03-21T11:46:48.432Z
tags:
editor: ckeditor
dateCreated: 2024-03-21T11:45:00.336Z
-->
<p>iptables</p>

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---
title: 02 Server Iptables
description: a little bigger note on iptables
published: true
date: 2024-03-27T18:07:56.613Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2024-03-21T11:45:00.336Z
---
# iptables
As you know most likeley files, commands, information etc. are being transmitted not in one go but in packets. The arrival of packets at your server and the transmission of packets from your server is regulated via the program iptables.
I use the box in a box metaphore for a mental picture. A packet is a box in a box in a box.... max 7 times. Like a babooshka doll from Russia, another metaphore describing packets. Every box has an address label with extra information.
The iptables software reads the labels of the two outer boxes. Based on this info the software desides where the packet needs to go and if it is allowed to. In order for the iptable software to work it needs instructions on how to make descisions. These instructions are written in lists (tables).
Packets are checked following a set of standard routes (a sequence of tables). Three tables are the most important for us now. Input, Forward and Output.
We are not discussing the layering of packets in all possibilities nor are we discussing the innerworks of the software called iptables. What we discuss is a basic understanding on what happens and what we can do with the iptables.
## Input, Forward tables
When a packet arrives at your server iptables checks if the destination is the local machine or somewhere else. In our case the somewhere else is docker as docker creates and runs virtual machines etc.
When the packet destination is the local machine the rules of the Input list are checked from top to bottem.
When the destination is docker, the packet is checked against the rules in the Forward table.
It is either Input or Forward not both. You can however tell iptables to do so if you want.
## Output table
The output table tells iptables what to do with packets which are being sent from your computer. I you have bo rules in that table and the standard policy is drop, nothing will be send out.
For the input and forward tables it works the same. nor rules and a standard policy of drop and nothing cmoes in.
## Warning
Do not make the mistake that I made! blocking all incomming packets before adding rules accepting my ssh connection on my local machine. ssh will drop and you can only get into your machine with an attached screen, keyboard and mouse.
check if you have iptables installed
`sudo iptables`
if not install iptables
`sudo pacman -S iptables`
check the iptables
`sudo iptables -L -v -n --line-numbers `
check the service status / start / stop and enable
`sudo systemctl status iptables `
`sudo systemctl start iptables `
`sudo systemctl stop iptables `
`sudo systemctl enable iptables `
where is the file located with all the rules?
`/etc/iptables/iptables.rules`
How to save your new rules!
`sudo iptables-save -f /etc/iptables/iptables.rules`
how to change iptables
You can use a UI interface program (not described here), the terminal (the way to go) or editing the file itself (not a fan).
add a rule
`sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT`
`sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i eno1 -s 192.168.1.10 -d 192.168.2.10 --dport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT `
`sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP`
delete a rule
update a rule
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/iptables-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-list-and-delete-iptables-firewall-rules
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Iptables#Editing_rules

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---
title: 02 GNOME
description: The GNOME Desktop Environment
published: true
date: 2023-04-30T01:23:34.912Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T07:54:54.911Z
---
# Getting back in with the installation USB
First we have to get back into the installation medium to install the network components and the Desktop Environment.
You just start from USB again, Check your network, Mount the needed drives and chroot into the system
You might think, Why did I make you go trough this trouble?
Well, This routine should be common knowledge for Arch users, If you ever break your system, you now know how to get back into it and hopefully fix your system.
So once again so you don't have to go back to the previous guide.
ping archlinux.org
OK? Ctrl + C and mount the root partition (if encrypted run cryptroot open PARTITION cryptroot first and replace the directory with /dev/mapper/cryptroot
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt
Don't forget the boot partition
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt
And finally chroot into the system so you can change whatever you need to change
arch-chroot /mnt
You should be root inside your installed system
# Installing GNOME
First we are going to install bare GNOME with networkmanager and a terminal, because we won't get anywhere without it :P
pacman -S gnome-desktop gdm gnome-control-center gnome-keyring gnome-themes-extra networkmanager alacritty
just wait for everything to install, This can take a while depending on your network connection.
Now we need to enable the needed services for loading the Desktop Manager and Network connections
systemctl enable gdm
systemctl enable NetworkManager
# Reboot into Desktop Environment
Run the following command to escape from the chroot
exit
Run the following command to restart
reboot
Remove the USB when your screen turns black and it should boot into gdm, here you can enter your password and this should bring you into GNOME, Be sure to test your network connection.
If you use wifi, but you can't see the card, go back in with the USB again and install linux-firmware.
# Installing basic GNOME programs (Optional)
All of these are optional, and if you plan to use another program for it then don't install it, If you are unsure I would recommend installing them all.
Who doesn't need a calculator?
pacman -S gnome-calculator
Do you want to browse files in a graphical environment?
pacman -S nautilus
Want to see system usage, show or quit running applications?
pacman -S gnome-system-monitor
Do you ever download .zip .rar or other archives?
pacman -S file-roller
A nice and simple text editor?
pacman -S gedit
Something to view images?
pacman -S eog
something to view PDF files?
pacman -S evince
Ever need to see your installed fonts or install new ones?
pacman -S gnome-font-viewer
The default backgrounds?
pacman -S gnome-backgrounds
How about a Calendar?
pacman -S gnome-calendar
You have a top clock without this program, but it can be handy for world clocks, alarms, timers, etc.
pacman -S gnome-clocks
Do you need something for opening and editing contacts?
pacman -S gnome-contacts
A very detailed map of the world, powered by OpenStreetMaps
pacman -S gnome-maps
Something to view the weather?
pacman -S gnome-weather
# Installing a nice icon theme (Optional)
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/numix-icon-theme-git.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd numix-icon-theme-git
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/numix-square-icon-theme.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd numix-square-icon-theme
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
It will not change directly, We will do that in the next section.
Ofcourse you can install any icon theme you want, I just like this GPL icon theme.
# Gnome Extensions (Optional)
The Gnome desktop is missing some obvious functions by default. that's where extensions come in.
To enable gnome extensions being installed from their website you need to install a package.
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/chrome-gnome-shell.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd chrome-gnome-shell
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
Now open Firefox and go to https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/gnome-shell-integration/
Click on Add to Firefox, Then click Add on the popup that shows after the download.
Now you can go to https://extensions.gnome.org/ and easily install any extension
Just toggle the Off button to On and press Install when you get the prompt.
Here are a few I really recommend
#### Pacman Updates Indicator
This one is just a must have for Arch with Gnome, Just install it
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1010/archlinux-updates-indicator/
You will need run the following command for it to work properly
sudo pacman -S pacman-contrib
If you installed the GUI for pacman be sure to click it after installation then go to settings and change the commands for updating packages to pamac-manager --updates and the one for opening the package manager to pamac-manager
#### AppIndicator Support
This extension adds tray icons to your top bar, It is a must if you use any application that uses tray icons.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/615/appindicator-support/
#### System Monitor
This extension will give you real time detailed information about your system in the top bar. my preferred settings are, Disable the Icon and Enable Display in the Middle. Then go trough each of the tabs, Disable Show Text for all, Hide Memory, Enable CPU, Net, Disk, GPU, Thermal and Fan, Display them all as graph except for the latter 2 make them text and be sure you select the right sensor.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/120/system-monitor/
You will need to run the following command for it to work properly
sudo sensors-detect
#### OpenWeather
This extension adds the current weather to your top bar with a forecast if you click on it. I think it is a nice extra.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/750/openweather/
#### Mpris Indicator Button
This extension will put your media player in the top bar, You can go to the next song by scrolling on the icon
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1379/mpris-indicator-button/
#### Clipboard Indicator
This extension will remember your copy history, I can not live without it
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/779/clipboard-indicator/
#### Desktop From Overview
This Extension will enable you to click anywhere but on a window in the overview to minimize all windows at once.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1499/show-desktop-from-overview/
#### Sound Input/Output Device Chooser
This extension enables you to switch audio in and outputs quickly within 2 clicks.
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/906/sound-output-device-chooser/
#### Launch New Instance
This extension will always launch a new instance if you open a program through clicking on it in the menu or your favorites, It is very handy if you use multiple windows of the same application
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/600/launch-new-instance/
You can install any more you like, Some might not work due to a version mismatch, but there are plenty available, Try not to overdo it, It can slow down your system.
# Tweaking the DE (Optional)
## Gnome Settings
First we are going to look at the default gnome settings, Click the power button in the top right corner and then press the gear in the menu that appears.
#### Network
Under Network you can add your VPN if you use one of those.
#### WiFi
If you use Wifi connect to the network of your choice,
#### Bluetooth
If you have bluetooth you first need to run the following command
sudo systemctl enable bluetooth
You can now go ahead and add any bluetooth devices you use,
#### Appearrance
Here you can set the theme to dark.
#### Notifications
Under Notifications, Turn of Popups, and turn of Lock Screen Notifications
#### Search
Under search only select the programs you want to search in when you search in the overview (The thing you get into when hitting the Windows key) You can also change the order by dragging and dropping.
#### Online Accounts
Under Online accounts you can add your Nextcloud Account, I would not recommend using any of the other services
#### Privacy
Under Privacy you can adjust some settings, But the default is fine.
#### Sound
Under sound you can select the correct sound in and outputs
#### Power
Under Power you can set some settings, I personally set Blank screen to 10 minutes disable the rest and set the power button to do nothing, If you use a laptop you might want to use different settings.
#### Display
Under Display Set your preferred desktop resolution and the maximum available Refresh Rate, If you use Large resolutions you can scale all elements of the desktop. If you use any other resolution than the largest I recommend to copy your Gnome configuration to the GDM configuration to do that run the following command
sudo cp .config/monitors.xml /var/lib/gdm/.config/
#### Mouse & Touchpad
you can set your mouse settings, If you use a mouse they are good already, If you use a touchpad disable natural scrolling and edge scrolling, Set the speed as high as you find comfortable and enable tap to click and two-finger scrolling. Now you can tap with 1 finger for a left click, 2 fingers for a right click and 3 fingers for a middle click, "swiping" with 2 fingers will let you scroll in all directions.
#### Keyboard
Under Keyboard shortcuts set Toggle Full Screen Mode to Super + F (Windows Key) and any other keyboard shortcuts you want. You can also add custom ones.
#### Printers
Under Printers you can add printers if you have set those up.
#### Language
Under Language you can set the language you prefer, note that you first need to add them using the instructions in step 17
#### Date & Time
Click the unlock button to enter your password, turn on Automatic Date & Time and set your correct timezone, You can also set a 24/12H clock here.
## Gnome Tweak Tool
Tweak tool allows you to set a bunch settings so install it.
sudo pacman -S gnome-tweaks
Now we are going to customize the Tweaks application, Open it, you can find it in your menu.
#### General
Heere you can disable Suspend when laptop lid is closed, This only applies if you have a laptop, I prefer to keep the system on if I close the lid, If I want it to shut down I will do that manually.
#### appearance
Select Adwaita-dark for Applications and set Icons to Numix-Square, Ofcourse you can download and set any theme you want.
#### Extensions
Here you can adjust the settings for the extensions you have installed, but we already did that, You can always adjust more if you like.
#### Fonts
Here you can change the fonts, I would not mess too much with this.
#### Startup Applications
Here you can add guake and nextcloud if you have them installed.
#### Top Bar
Just enable everything except for battery percentage if you don't have a battery.
#### Window Titlebars
Same thing applies here, Enable the 2 extra buttons, Minimize and Maximize.
The rest of the settings are fine by default.
# Next
You can stop here, But you can also continue with any of the other options, if you want to maximize your gaming performance or want to get into programming you can click on the next guides of your choice.
In any way you don't need to do the KDE guide now, You have GNOME as your Desktop Environment already, installing both is possible and you can easily switch but the guide expects you to only install one, so some things might collide if you follow both guides, like GDM and LDDM.

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---
title: 02 KDE
description: The KDE Desktop Environment
published: true
date: 2023-04-30T02:13:34.300Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T07:55:35.043Z
---
# Getting back in with the installation USB
First we have to get back into the installation medium to install the network components and the Desktop Environment.
You just start from USB again, Check your network, Mount the needed drives and chroot into the system
You might think, Why did I make you go trough this toruble?
Well, This routine should be common knowledge for Arch users, If you ever break your system, you now know how to get back into it and hopefully fix your system.
So once again so you don't have to go back to the previous guide.
ping archlinux.org
OK? Ctrl + C and mount the needed drives (Also mount boot if you need it)
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt
And finally chroot into the system so you can change whatever you need to change
arch-chroot /mnt
You should be root inside your installed system
# Installing KDE
simply run the command and let it run,
pacman -S sddm plasma-desktop xorg networkmanager kde-applications plasma-wayland-session plasma-nm
this one could take a while, but after it is done enable Networkmanager and sddm
systemctl enable NetworkManager
systemctl enable sddm
# Set the SDDM keyboard layout
If you use the US keyboard layout you can skip this step.
We need to do this before we restart because if you have any strange characters in your password it might be hard getting in. So we are going to edit the following file
nano /usr/share/sddm/scripts/Xsetup
Edit the file and add in the following line
setxkbmap "dk, us"
You can change the country codes here, the first one will be the default one selected.
If you don't know which one you need you can list them all with the following command
localectl list-keymaps
We will change the keyboard layout in KDE later on after we are in the Desktop Environment
# Reboot into Desktop Environment
Run the following command to escape from the chroot
exit
Run the following command to restart
reboot
Remove the USB when your screen turns black and it should boot into the sddm, here you can enter your password and this should bring you into KDE Plasma
# KDE Tweaks
If you use a laptop, having some power management features can be very handy.
Things like changing the screen brightness, advanced power management and settings for different states.
Install powerdevil with the following command
sudo pacman -S powerdevil
Go to the settings, there should be an icon in the taskbar
On the first page you can change the theme to Dark, Speed up the animation speed and select files by clicking them instead of opening them immediately.
Also be sure to set the correct timezone, you can also right click on your taskbar and then adjust every little thing on there to your liking. I would recommend adjusting the digital clock to ddd d MMM and include the second for example.
If you have a different keyboard layout than US you need to adjust it here too.
under input devices and click on the layouts tab here, Check the configure layouts checkbox and add all the keyboard layouts you need, After a reboot you will be able to switch easily by just clicking on the layout in the taskbar.
After a reboot it should all work just fine

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---
title: 03 Terminal
description:
published: true
date: 2024-11-24T11:45:11.626Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-30T06:05:33.890Z
---
# Installing ZSH
ZSH is a pretty cool lightweight shell that is very configurable, Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S zsh
Now we are going to make ZSH the default shell with the following command
chsh -s $(chsh -l | grep -m1 zsh)
We are going to create zshrc config files in a central config folder for easy backups.
mkdir ~/Config
then create 2 files in there
touch ~/Config/zshrc-global ~/Config/zshrc-user
Now we need to create a new user zsh config folder
mkdir ~/.config/zsh
now we are going to symlink the config files to where zsh expects them to be
sudo ln -sf ~/Config/zshrc-global /etc/zsh/zshrc
ln -sf ~/Config/zshrc-user ~/.config/zsh/.zshrc
Now we need to set the dotfile location in zshenv
sudo vim /etc/zsh/zshenv
Add in the following line
export ZDOTDIR=~/.config/zsh
Save and exit
ZSH should be functional with a terrible prompt, so lets fix that first.
# Installing a Powerline Font
We are gonna need the right fonts for all the icons
sudo pacman -S ttf-meslo-nerd
Change the terminal/monospace font to MesloLGS NF Regular in your terminal or DE settings
# Configuring Guake
Guake is my terminal of choice, I like that it can split the window and it opens and closes fullscreen with a single button nice quick and easy. For KDE users there is Yauake, It is very much like Guake, but there are a ton more Guake clones out there, You should be able to follow this guide for most of them.
Install Guake with the following command
sudo pacman -S guake
Now open guake preferences from your menu.
Under General disable the tray icon and the startup popup
Under Main Window Disable the Tab Bar and put the height and width full
Under Appearance Set Meslo LGS Nerd Font Regular as your font, set Tango as your color scheme and set the transparency to your liking.
Under Keyboard Shortcuts I set "Toggle Guake Visibility" to \`, this can give problems, in this case also set the hotkey in your DE to "guake", set "Split tab vertical" to CTRL + N, "Split tab horizontal" to CTRL + B, "Focus terminal above" to Ctrl + Up, "Focus terminal below" to Ctrl + Down, "Focus terminal on the left" to Ctrl + Left, "Focus terminal to the right" to Ctrl + Right, "Increase heigth" to Ctrl + Shift + Down, "Decrease Height" to Ctrl + Shift + Up, "Increase transparency" to Ctrl + Shift + Left and finally "Decrease transparancy" to Ctrl + Shift + Right
Ofcourse you can config anything else you like, but for me this is enough
# Configuring Alacritty
I use Alacritty for a quick and fast terminal it works especially great with tiling window managers you can install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S alacritty
First we are going to create a config file for Alacritty
touch ~/Config/alacritty.yml
Now we are going to create the config folder alacritty expects
mkdir ~/.config/alacritty
And finally symlink the file to the location alacritty expects it to be.
ln -sf ~/Config/alacritty.yml ~/.config/alacritty/alacritty.yml
Now it is time to configure alacritty using the file
nvim ~/Config/alacritty.yml
We are gonna need some fonts to properly display the icons with our theme so add in the following lines, you can change the font, But I recommend putting this one first to follow along with the guide.
```
#MesloLGS font
font:
normal:
family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
style: Regular
bold:
family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
style: Bold
italic:
family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
style: Italic
bold_italic:
family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
style: Bold Italic
size: 11
```
Setting a nice color theme is vital, The same applies here, you can change it later, but I recommend just following along for now. There are tons of color schemes available.
```
#Tango color theme
colors:
primary:
background: '#000000'
foreground: '#ffffff'
normal:
black: '#000000'
red: '#cc0000'
green: '#4e9a06'
yellow: '#c4a000'
blue: '#3465a4'
magenta: '#75507b'
cyan: '#06989a'
white: '#d3d7cf'
bright:
black: '#555753'
red: '#ef2929'
green: '#8ae234'
yellow: '#fce94f'
blue: '#729fcf'
magenta: '#ad7fa8'
cyan: '#34e2e2'
white: '#eeeeec'
```
Spawn a new terminal in the current location with CTRL + SHIFT + N
```
key_bindings:
- { key: N, mods: Control|Shift, action: SpawnNewInstance }
```
# Powerlevel10K
Powerlevel10K is a great theme for ZSH, it is very configurable and has a lot of cool features
Sadly it is unmaintained, but it works fine, we can clone the repo into our /usr/share folder.
sudo git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/
Now we need to include the following lines in our zshrc-global file
```
#P10k
source /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme
```
And the following lines to our zshrc-user file
```
#P10k
[[ ! -f ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh
```
To configure Powerlevel10K you must run the following command
p10k configure
Have some patience and run trough the interactive configuration
Now we just need to symlink the config file to the expected location
ln -sf ~/Config/p10k.zsh ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh
When you exit the terminal and start it again it should look all nice :)
# Installing LSD
lsd is like ls with colors, nice icons and other visual cues that help you.
It is in the repos, simply install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S lsd
You can now run it with lsd, we will later alias ls to lsd in our zsh configuration.
try the following command for example
lsd -la ~
# Adding ZSH Options and Keybinds
ZSH options change the default behavior so do keybinds
You can add them all or just the ones you like to your zshrc-global file
Give flag suggestions for programs
```
autoload -Uz compinit && compinit
```
Gives you a menu when navigating suggestions
```
zstyle ':completion:*' menu select
zstyle ':completion::complete:*' gain-privileges 1
```
History settings for ZSH
```
export HISTFILE=~/.config/zsh/.zsh_history
export HISTSIZE=1000000
export SAVEHIST=1000000
setopt EXTENDED_HISTORY
setopt HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS
setopt HIST_FIND_NO_DUPS
setopt inc_append_history
```
Press up and down to search to matching history
```
bindkey "^[[A" history-beginning-search-backward
bindkey "^[[B" history-beginning-search-forward
```
Case insensitive tab completion, Also enables cd doc/fo/su to go to /documents/folder/subfolder
```
zstyle ':completion:*' matcher-list 'm:{a-z}={A-Z}' 'r:|[._-]=* r:|=*' 'l:|=* r:|=*'
```
I really don't see the use for Flow Control
```
unsetopt flow_control
```
Fix navigation keys
```
bindkey "^[[H" beginning-of-line
bindkey "^[[F" end-of-line
bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char
bindkey "^[[5~" beginning-of-line
bindkey "^[[6~" end-of-line
```
# Adding Aliases
Aliases are simply alternatives for a string of text, as an easy example, v will type nvim, and sv will type sudo nvim. You can also chose to remove some or add more.
Simply add the following text to one of your ~/config/zshrc files, user will set it for you, and global will set it for everyone,
```
alias a="awk"
alias b="btrfs"
alias c="cryptsetup"
alias d="docker"
alias e="echo"
alias f="fdisk"
alias g="git"
alias h="history"
alias j="jobs -l"
alias k="kubectl"
alias l="ls -la"
alias m="man"
alias n="neofetch"
alias o="openssl"
alias p="pacman"
alias r="reboot"
alias s="sudo"
alias t="tail -f"
alias u="uname"
alias v="nvim"
alias w="whence"
alias sudo="sudo "
alias ffs="sudo !!"
alias distro="cat /etc/*-release"
alias hk="cat ~/config/hotkeys"
alias sv="sudo v"
alias md="mkdir -p"
alias tk="take"
alias rmd="rm -rf"
alias sgrep="grep -R -n -H -C 5 --exclude-dir={.git,.svn,CVS} "
alias hgrep="fc -El 0 | grep"
alias please='sudo'
alias phone='ssh houtworm@pinephone'
alias server='ssh houtworm@server'
alias game='gamemoderun mangohud'
alias ytflac="youtube-dl -x --audio-format flac --prefer-ffmpeg"
alias ytmkv="youtube-dl -F"
alias lol='lolcat'
alias cd1="cd .."
alias cd2="cd ../.."
alias cd3="cd ../../.."
alias cd4="cd ../../../.."
alias cd5="cd ../../../../.."
alias cd6="cd ../../../../../.."
alias cd7="cd ../../../../../../.."
alias cd8="cd ../../../../../../../.."
alias cd9="cd ../../../../../../../../.."
alias scls="systemctl list-unit-files"
alias scs="sudo systemctl status "
alias scre="sudo systemctl restart "
alias scst="sudo systemctl start "
alias scsp="sudo systemctl stop "
alias scen="sudo systemctl enable "
alias scenn="sudo systemctl enable now "
alias scdi="sudo systemctl disable "
alias fwd="firewall-cmd"
alias fwdlist="firewall-cmd --list-all-zones"
alias fwdre="firewall-cmd --reload"
alias gi="git init"
alias ga="git add *"
alias gc="git commit -m"
alias gp="git push"
alias me="ifconfig | grep "inet " | cut -b 9- | cut -d" " -f2"
alias allcolor="for i in {0..255}; do print -Pn "%K{$i} %k%F{$i}${(l:3::0:)i}%f " ${${(M)$((i%6)):#3}:+$"\n"}; done"
alias rainbow="printf "$BBLA\n$BRED\n$BGRE\n$BYEL\n$BBLU\n$BMAG\n$BCYA\n$BWHI\n\n""
alias dud="du -d 1 -h"
alias duf="du -sh *"
alias :q="exit"
alias ls="lsd"
alias ports="netstat -tulanp"
alias compr="gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror *.c && ./a.out && rm a.out"
alias compra="gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror *.c && ./a.out"
alias norme="norminette -R CheckForbiddenSourceHeader"
alias valg="gcc *.c -ggdb3 && valgrind --show-leak-kinds=all --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes ./a.out && rm a.out"
alias valga="gcc *.c -ggdb3 && valgrind --show-leak-kinds=all --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes ./a.out"
alias normsh="checkbashisms"
alias banned='sudo fail2ban-client banned | tr -t "[{" " \n" | tr -d ":]},"'
```
# Adding ZSH Functions
ZSH functions are like tiny scripts that perform a task, you can add the ones you think are useful to you to one of the zshrc files, I suggest global so anyone can use them :)
Press Ctrl + Z to bring stuff to the background but also bring stuff back to the foreground instead of typing fg
```
backforeswitch () {
if [[ $#BUFFER -eq 0 ]]; then
BUFFER="fg"
zle accept-line -w
else
zle push-input -w
zle clear-screen -w
fi
}
zle -N backforeswitch
bindkey '^Z' backforeswitch
```
Press Esc twice to put sudo in front of your previous command.
```
sudoswitch() {
[[ -z $BUFFER ]] && zle up-history
if [[ $BUFFER == sudo\ * ]]; then
LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#sudo }"
elif [[ $BUFFER == $EDITOR\ * ]]; then
LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#$EDITOR }"
LBUFFER="sudoedit $LBUFFER"
elif [[ $BUFFER == sudoedit\ * ]]; then
LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#sudoedit }"
LBUFFER="$EDITOR $LBUFFER"
else
LBUFFER="sudo $LBUFFER"
fi
}
zle -N sudoswitch
bindkey "\e\e" sudoswitch
bindkey -M vicmd '\e\e' sudoswitch
```
Make the man pages all colorful
```
function man() {
env \
LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$(printf "\e[1;31m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_md=$(printf "\e[1;31m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_me=$(printf "\e[0m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_se=$(printf "\e[0m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_so=$(printf "\e[0;37;102m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$(printf "\e[0m") \
LESS_TERMCAP_us=$(printf "\e[4;32m") \
PAGER="${commands[less]:-$PAGER}" \
_NROFF_U=1 \
GROFF_NO_SGR=1 \
PATH=${HOME}/bin:${PATH} \
man "$@"
}
```
Creates a TAR archive of a file or folder.
```
function maketar() { tar cvzf "${1%%/}.tar.gz" "${1%%/}/"; }
```
Create a ZIP archive of a file or folder.
```
function makezip() { zip -r "${1%%/}.zip" "$1" ; }
```
Extracts any type of archive automagically
```
function extract {
if []; then
echo "Usage: extract <path/file_name>.<zip|rar|bz2|gz|tar|tbz2|tgz|Z|7z|xz|ex|tar.bz2|tar.gz|tar.xz>"
else
if [] ; then
case $1 in
*.tar.bz2) tar xvjf $1 ;;
*.tar.gz) tar xvzf $1 ;;
*.tar.xz) tar xvJf $1 ;;
*.lzma) unlzma $1 ;;
*.bz2) bunzip2 $1 ;;
*.rar) unrar x -ad $1 ;;
*.gz) gunzip $1 ;;
*.tar) tar xvf $1 ;;
*.tbz2) tar xvjf $1 ;;
*.tgz) tar xvzf $1 ;;
*.zip) unzip $1 ;;
*.Z) uncompress $1 ;;
*.7z) 7z x $1 ;;
*.xz) unxz $1 ;;
*.exe) cabextract $1 ;;
*) echo "extract: '$1' - unknown archive method" ;;
esac
else
echo "$1 - file does not exist"
fi
fi
}
```
The git riddle
```
function iacp() {
if []
then
echo "Usage: iacp <name> <link> <comment>"
else
git init
git add *
git commit -m "$3"
git remote add $1 $2
git push --set-upstream $1 master
fi
}
```
The git push
```
function acp() {
if []
then
echo "Usage: acp <comment>"
else
git add *
git commit -m "$1"
git push
fi
}
```
take or tk = mkdir -p and cd in one
```
function take() {
md "$1"
cd "$1"
}
```
Really clear the screen with Ctrl + L
```
clearbetter () {
BUFFER="clear"
zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N clearbetter
bindkey '^L' clearbetter
```
Reload ZSH with Ctrl + S
```
resourcezsh () {
BUFFER="exec -l zsh"
zle accept-line -w
BUFFER="clear"
zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N resourcezsh
bindkey '^S' resourcezsh
```
Exit with Ctrl + Q
```
ctrlqexit () {
BUFFER=":q"
zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N ctrlqexit
bindkey '^Q' ctrlqexit
```
Unban IPs with fail2ban
```
unban () {
sudo fail2ban-client unban $@
}
```
# ZSH Plugins
To add plugins to ZSH we simply need to download them and source the main .zsh file of that plugin in one of your zshrc files. Below are the ones I use
Fast Syntax Highlighting is great, it gives your input color based on brackets, if it is correct or not, etc
git clone https://github.com/z-shell/F-Sy-H /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H
Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it
```
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H/F-Sy-H.plugin.zsh
```
Alias Tips helps you remember the aliases you set, if you don't use a set alias it will notify you of the alias in a way that doesn't annoy you.
git clone https://github.com/djui/alias-tips /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips
Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it
```
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips/alias-tips.plugin.zsh
```
ZSH Autosuggestions is nice, it tries to complete a command based on your history
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it
```
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh
```
Also add the following line to the /etc/zsh/zshenv file to drastically speed up this plugin
```
export ZSH_AUTOSUGGEST_MANUAL_REBIND
```
Z is a pretty cool plugin for fast navigation just type z nameoffolder and it will jump to it based on history.
git clone https://github.com/agkozak/zsh-z /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z
Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it
```
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z/zsh-z.plugin.zsh
```
Also be sure to set the ZSHZ_DATA variable in /etc/zsh/zshenv by adding the following line to it
```
export ZSHZ_DATA=~/.config/zsh/.z
```
You can install any more you like, just be sure it doesn't slow down your shell.
# Updating ZSH Plugins with Pacman
Updating these plugins is important for compatibility and new features.
Create a file for the script
vim ~/Scripts/update-zshplugins.sh
Add in the following content
```
git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H pull
git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips pull
git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions pull
git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z pull
```
create a file in the pacman hooks directory for zsh plugins
sudo vim /usr/share/libalpm/hooks/zsh.hook
Add in the following text
```
[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Update ZSH Plugins
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /bin/bash /home/USERNAME/Scripts/update-zshplugins.sh
```
Save and exit and try to update your system, if you are lucky you have an update and you can see the script in action after the update.
# ZSH Hotkeys
Just a simple overview of all the hotkeys you can use
Up and Down Arrow = Browse history matching current line
Ctrl + A = Go to start of line
Ctrl + B = Move 1 character back
Ctrl + C = Cancel, Stop the current operation.
Ctrl + D = Quit the session
Ctrl + E = Go to end of line
Ctrl + F = Move 1 character forward
Ctrl + G = Nothing
Ctrl + H = DOUBLE Delete Character before the cursor
Ctrl + I = Nothing
Ctrl + J = Nothing
Ctrl + K = Remove everything behind the cursor
Ctrl + L = clear screen
Ctrl + M = Nothing
Ctrl + N = Browse History matching current line
Ctrl + O = Nothing
Ctrl + P = Browse History matching current line
Ctrl + Q = Quit, Types exit and presses enter.
Ctrl + R = Search in History
Ctrl + S = Nothing
Ctrl + T = Nothing
Ctrl + U = Delete everything before the cursor
Ctrl + V = Nothing
Ctrl + W = Delete the word before the cursor
Ctrl + X = Nothing
Ctrl + Y = Undo
Ctrl + Z = toggle program to background and foreground
# Installing Neofetch
Neofetch is a cool tool that shows some system information and a asci art logo of your distro. Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S neofetch
Now you can run it by just typing neofetch in a terminal :)

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@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
---
title: 04 Programming
description:
published: true
date: 2024-11-24T11:52:36.975Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T08:02:02.339Z
---
# Programming
Even if you are not into programming and have no interest in learning it, some of these programs might be useful, in the case of Neovim it is a lot easier to read configuration files for example, If you want to get into programming these programs are an absolute must.
# Installing Neovim
We are using Neovim over Vim because Neovim has LSP support
install it using pacman
sudo pacman -S neovim
We will configure it later, we will start with ZSH
# Neovim Options and Keybinds
We already installed Neovim in the first step, but we still need to configure it the way we want to. First we need create config files
touch ~/Config/init.vim ~/Config/sysinit.vim
Now we are going to create a symlink for the user config file
ln -sf ~/Config/init.vim ~/.config/nvim/init.vim
Do the same for the global config file
sudo ln -sf ~/Config/sysinit.vim /etc/xdg/nvim/sysinit.vim
We can now set some options, I recommend putting them in the system file this way you have the same configuration with the root user
sv ~/Config/init.vim
Add in the following options, Going over them all is beyond the scope of this guide, But you can look them all up to see what they do exactly.
```
"Options for Neovim"
:setlocal list
set listchars=eol:↓,tab:··▸,trail:●,extends:…,precedes:…,space:·
set updatetime=300
set shortmess+=c
syntax on
set number
set nu rnu
set tabstop=4
set cursorline
set showcmd
filetype indent on
set wildmenu
set showmatch
set incsearch
set hlsearch
set nospell
set spelllang=en_us
set autoindent
set ruler
set confirm
set cmdheight=2
set shiftwidth=4
set noexpandtab
set hidden
set nowrap
set encoding=utf-8
set pumheight=10
set mouse=a
set splitbelow
set splitright
set t_Co=256
set conceallevel=0
set smarttab
set smartindent
set background=dark
set showtabline=0
set noshowmode
set nobackup
set nowritebackup
set clipboard=unnamedplus
set dir=~/tmp,/tmp
set scrolloff=3
set sidescrolloff=7
set sidescroll=1
set ignorecase smartcase
set undofile
set undodir=~/.nvim/undo
set inccommand=nosplit
set signcolumn=number
set backspace=indent,eol,start
set complete-=i
```
Now add some keyboard remaps
```
"Keyboard Remaps"
nmap <C-d> :windo bd<CR>
nmap <A-o> :tabnew<CR>
nmap <A-e> :tabp<CR>
nmap <A-w> :tabn<CR>
nmap <C-o> :ene<CR>
nmap <C-w> :bp<CR>
nmap <C-e> :bn<CR>
nmap <C-n> :vs<CR>
nmap <C-b> :split<CR>
nmap <C-q> :q<CR>
nmap <C-s> :w<CR>
nmap <C-p> :set nu! rnu!<CR>
nmap <A-c> :set list!<CR>
nmap <S-up> :resize +3<CR>
nmap <S-down> :resize -3<CR>
nmap <S-left> :vertical resize +3<CR>
nmap <S-right> :vertical resize -3<CR>
nmap <S-k> :resize +3<CR>
nmap <S-j> :resize -3<CR>
nmap <S-h> :vertical resize +3<CR>
nmap <S-l> :vertical resize -3<CR>
nmap <c-k> :wincmd k<CR>
nmap <c-j> :wincmd j<CR>
nmap <c-h> :wincmd h<CR>
nmap <c-l> :wincmd l<CR>
nmap <c-up> :wincmd k<CR>
nmap <c-down> :wincmd j<CR>
nmap <c-left> :wincmd h<CR>
nmap <c-right> :wincmd l<CR>
nmap <A-j> :m .+1<CR>==
nmap <A-k> :m .-2<CR>==
imap <A-j> <Esc>:m .+1<CR>==gi
imap <A-k> <Esc>:m .-2<CR>==gi
vmap <A-j> :m '>+1<CR>gv=gv
vmap <A-k> :m '<-2<CR>gv=gv
nmap <A-down> :m .+1<CR>==
nmap <A-up> :m .-2<CR>==
imap <A-down> <Esc>:m .+1<CR>==gi
imap <A-up> <Esc>:m .-2<CR>==gi
vmap <A-down> :m '>+1<CR>gv=gv
vmap <A-up> :m '<-2<CR>gv=gv
nmap <A-h> <<
nmap <A-l> >>
imap <A-h> <Esc> <<
imap <A-l> <Esc> >>
vmap <A-h> <
vmap <A-l> >
nmap <A-left> <<
nmap <A-right> >>
imap <A-left> <Esc> <<
imap <A-right> <Esc> >>
vmap <A-left> <
vmap <A-right> >
```
# Neovim Plugins
Vim Plug will be our plugin manager, It will handle most of the work
We will install it system wide
sudo mkdir /etc/xdg/nvim/autoload
sudo curl -o /etc/xdg/nvim/autoload/plug.vim https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
Plugins get installed locally so we have to install plugins for every user seperately, We can make it universal, but this will prevent users from adding their own plugins. With our configuration we can set global plugins for everyone and any extra plugins the user may want using their own init.vim file.
We can add plugins to either init.vim or sysinit.vim If you want to Install for yourself or everyone respectively, they do have to be inside a special block like this.
```
call plug#begin()
Plug '<link plugin 1>'
Plug '<link plugin 2>''
call plug#end()
```
You can use PlugUpdate to update and install all selected plugins, PlugClean te remove unselected plugins and, PlugUpgrade to update vim plug itself.
Just add whichever plugin you think will improve your workflow, these are the ones I use.
This plugin will add a ton of icons to Neovim, many of the following plugins will use them, but they are optional.
```
Plug 'kyazdani42/nvim-web-devicons'
```
vim-airline is a very cool plugin that gives some color to Neovim, it gives you a powerline with a ton of information, clear visual cues in which mode you are, where you are in the document, how big it is, what type it is, etc.
```
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
```
Barbar is a very nice Tab bar for Neovim, It will help you navigate your open tabs visually instead of just guessing the next or previous tab.
```
Plug 'romgrk/barbar.nvim'
```
Nvim-Tree is a directory browser, It is very handy if you want to have an overview of the files in the directory, browse and open them for editing.
```
Plug 'kyazdani42/nvim-tree.lua'
```
Be sure to add the Ctrl + T keybind
```
nmap <C-t> :NvimTreeToggle<CR>
```
Also add the following to your vim.init somewhere after loading the plugins
```
lua require("nvim-tree").setup()
```
Floaterm is a simple terminal which is handy for obvious reasons.
```
Plug 'voldikss/vim-floaterm'
```
Be sure to add the Ctrl + Y keybind
```
nmap <C-y> :FloatermNew --autoclose=2 --wintype=split --height=0.3<CR>
```
Ctrl P is a great plugin that allows you to open files directly with a hotkey typing (part of) the filename you want to open and press enter to edit it directly.
```
Plug 'ctrlpvim/ctrlp.vim'
```
Be sure to add the Ctrl + F Keybind
```
nmap <C-f> :CtrlP<CR>
```
Also add the following between the plugin options somewhere after the plug block
```
let g:ctrlp_map = '<c-/>'
```
Undotree is a great plugin that allows you to look into your undo history see the acctual changes you made and revert to any of the previous stages of your document, You can also go forward after you went back ofcourse.
```
Plug 'mbbill/undotree'
```
Be sure to add the Ctrl + U keymap
```
nmap <C-u> :UndotreeToggle<CR>
```
GitGutter is a great plugin that can show you git diffs and much much more git functionality
```
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
```
Be sure to add the CTRL + G toggle as a keymap to your init.vim
```
nmap <C-g> :GitGutterToggle<CR>
```
Nerdcommenter is a handy plugin to comment out lines or a bunch of lines with a single key.
```
Plug 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
```
Be sure to add the keymaps for Ctrl + C in normal and visual mode
```
nmap <C-c> <Plug>NERDCommenterInvert
vmap <C-c> <Plug>NERDCommenterInvert
```
Autopairs is a simple plugin to handle quotes, brackets and other pairs of characters for you.
```
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
```
42Header is something we need to use for school, But I made some little changes to it so it supports changing the ascii art to something like a little Tux :)
```
Plug 'pbondoer/vim-42header'
```
# Neovim LSP Config
Language Server Protocol is used for live code checking using external Language Servers
For the scope of this guide we will set up a few languages but first we need to install the nvim-lspconfig plugin to make it all a bit easier
Add the following line in your init.vim on a empty line inside the plug block
```
Plug 'neovim/nvim-lspconfig'
```
Run the following command to install it
nvim +PlugUpdate +qall
Now we can simply install language servers using pacman and add them to the init.vim file accordingly
Lets start with Bash, simply install the language server using pacman
sudo pacman -S bash-language-server
Now add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.bashls.setup{}
```
Next up is C, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S ccls
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.ccls.setup{}
```
Next up is CSS, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S vscode-css-languageserver
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.cssls.setup{}
```
Next up is HTML, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S vscode-html-languageserver
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.html.setup{}
```
Next up is JS, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S deno
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.denols.setup{}
```
Next up is json, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S vscode-json-languageserver
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.jsonls.setup{}
```
Next up is Lua, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S lua-language-server
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.sumneko_lua.setup{}
```
Next up is Python, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S pyright
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.pyright.setup{}
```
Next up is Rust, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S rust-analyzer
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.rust_analyzer.setup{}
```
Next up is YAML, Install the language server with pacman
sudo pacman -S yaml-language-server
And add the language server to your init.vim file of choice
```
lua require'lspconfig'.yamlls.setup{}
```
You can add many many more, just look for nvim plugins online
# Hotkeys
Just a simple overview of all the hotkeys you can use
```
a = Append, Enter Insert mode 1 character after the cursor
b = Move 1 word backwards, Works with numbers
c = Nothing
d = Delete, Deletes a character, double press it to delete the line, also works with numbers and move commands
e = Nothing
f = Find, Finds a character and jumps to that position
g = Goto, enter a line press g twice and you will jump to the line, double press it to go to the first line
h = Left, Same function as the left arrow, but closer to your hand.
i = Insert, Enter Insert mode on the cursor
j = Down, Same function as the down arrow, but closer to your hand.
k = Up, Same function as the up arrow, but closer to your hand.
l = Right, Same function as the right arrow, but closer to your hand.
m = Bookmark position, press m, then press another character to bind it to, use ' to go to the section
n = Nothing
o = Enter insert mode on a new line below the current line.
p = Paste, Pastes the buffer after the current cursor position
q = Record, Press a key after hitting q to start recording, do some stuff and press q again in normal mode to save the recording, then type @key to repeat the action, type 20@key to do it 20 times.
r = Nothing
s = Nothing
t = Nothing
u = Undo your previous action.
v = Visual mode, Switch to Visual mode to select stuff character for character.
w = Move 1 word forward, works with numbers
x = Delete character under the cursor
y = Yank, Or Copy in recent terms, press it once to copy the selection, press it twice to copy the entire line and include a number to copy that amount of line.
z = Nothing
Shift + Arrows = Resize Splits
A = Append, Enter insert mode at the end of the line.
B = Move 1 whitespace backwards
C = Nothing
D = Delete everything on line after the cursor
E = Nothing
F = Find, Finds a character going backwards and jumps to that position
G = Move to the end of the file
H = Make split smaller horizontally
I = Nothing
J = Make split smaller vertically
K = Make split bigger vertically
L = Make split bigger horizontally
M = Nothing
N = Nothing
O = Nothing
P = Paste before cursor
Q = Enter insert mode on a new line above the current line
R = Replace Characters instead of Inserting them
S = Nothing
T = Nothing
U = Nothing
V = Visual Line mode, Select lines to edit, yank, or manipulate
W = Move 1 whitespace forward
X = Nothing
Y = Nothing
Z = Double press it to save and exit
0 = Go to beginning of line
~ = Change case of current character
!
@ = enter @ and then type the letter of the recording made with q to play in
# = Highlight the word you are standing on in the rest of the document
$ = Go to end of line
%
^ = Go to the first character on the line
&
*
( = Jump to previous sentence
) = Jump to next sentence
=
-
[
]
{ = Navigate up a codeblock
} = Navigate down a codeblock
' = Go to bookmark saved earlier with m
"
;
:
<
>
,
.
/ search, type, press enter and press n/N to go to the next/previous result
?
Ctrl + Arrows = Change active split
Ctrl + A = increments ints
Ctrl + B = Split window below
Ctrl + C = Comment out line or selection
Ctrl + D = Delete current buffer
Ctrl + E = Next Buffer
Ctrl + F = Find file and open it quickly
Ctrl + G = Toggle Git
Ctrl + H = Navigate around splits to the left
Ctrl + I = Nothing
Ctrl + J = Navigate around splits to below
Ctrl + K = Navigate around splits to up
Ctrl + L = Navigate around splits to the right
Ctrl + M = Toggle invisible characters
Ctrl + N = Split window next
Ctrl + O = Open new Buffer
Ctrl + P = Toggle Numberline
Ctrl + Q = Quit
Ctrl + R = Redo your previous action
Ctrl + S = Save current buffer
Ctrl + T = Toggle directory tree
Ctrl + U = Open undo history
Ctrl + V = Visual Block Mode, Select a custom block of text to manipulate
Ctrl + W = Previous Buffer
Ctrl + X = Decrements ints
Ctrl + Y = Show Terminal
Ctrl + Z = Places the application in the background
Alt + Arrows = move line or selection
Alt + A = Nothing
Alt + B = Nothing
Alt + C = Toggle Invisible Characters
Alt + D = Nothing
Alt + E = Next Tab
Alt + F = Nothing
Alt + G = Nothing
Alt + H = Remove indent for line or selection
Alt + H = Nothing
Alt + I = Move Tab to the Right
Alt + J = Nothing
Alt + J = Move line or selection to the line below
Alt + K = Move line or selection to the line above
Alt + L = Add indent for line or selection
Alt + M = Nothing
Alt + N = Nothing
Alt + O = Open New Tab
Alt + P = Toggle Autopairs
Alt + Q = Nothing
Alt + R = Nothing
Alt + S = Nothing
Alt + T = Nothing
Alt + U = Move Tab to the Left
Alt + V = Nothing
Alt + W = Previous Tab
Alt + X = Nothing
Alt + Y = Nothing
Alt + Z = Nothing
```
# Pacman Hooks for Updating Plugins
It is important that we update our plugins regularly, I will add more later WIP!
# GDB
GDB is the GNU Debugger, It is extremely powerfull, I will add this one later WIP!
# Valgrind
Valgrind is the best memory checker I have used, I will add this one later WIP!
# Next

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---
title: 05 Basic Programs
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T01:59:56.725Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-30T01:47:35.968Z
---
# Programs
Ofcourse any of these are optional, just go trough the list and install whatever you want.
# Installing Nextcloud
If you don't use Nextcloud, Go buy a raspberry pi now, Or build a small server if you really want to get serious in self hosting. You can also sign up at one of the many Nextcloud providers. It is a free and open source Cloud storage and syncing tool, for all your files, contacts, passwords, bookmarks, you name it, It even syncs everything with your phone, Desktop, anything really, It has some amazing features.
To clarify, This installs the Nextcloud sync client, You will need a provider or your own Nextcloud installation on a server.
Install the Sync Client
sudo pacman -S nextcloud-client
You set it up by signing in to your nextcloud account, I do not recommend using the default settings or fast setup, I would skip the automatic folder configuration and set sync manually and just link your pictures folder to your pictures folder, your documents folder to your documents folder, and whatever folder you may need, This prevents the uploading of all your files or pretty dumb file management.
If you use Nautilus the Gnome File Manager, be sure to install this too, it will enhance your nextcloud experience with Nautilus integration.
Install git
sudo pacman -S git
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/nautilus-nextcloud.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd nautilus-nextcloud
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
# Install a Graphical User Interface for Pacman
Now we are going to install pamac, Which is a front end for pacman the default package manager in Arch.
be sure to install git if you have not done this already
sudo pacman -S git
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/libpamac-aur.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd libpamac-aur
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/pamac-aur.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd pamac-aur
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
Now we need to enable AUR support, The AUR is the Arch User Repository, Here Arch Users can upload pre compiled packages that are available for Linux but are not in the Arch repositories, Then others can just easily download it from there.
1. Launch pamac
2. go to the settings
3. click on the AUR tab
4. Enable AUR support
5. enable checking for updates from AUR.
You can now install any program you want from this "app store"
# Install and Configure the Browser
First we need to install Firefox with the following command, Open it after it is done.
sudo pacman -S firefox
Welcome to Firefox, We can't set all settings in the application settings, we need to adjust the profile for that, You can create your own configuration over at https://ffprofile.com/.
Now we need to extract it, and put the contents of the folder in our firefox profile folder.
First create a new profile open firefox and go to about:profiles
Here click on create new profile, Click next, give it a name, Be sure to make it the default profile and click on Finish.
Now go to /home/USERNAME/.mozilla/firefox/RANDOMCHARACTERS.PROFILENAME
Close firefox, remove all contents in the folder and then copy the contents of the downloaded archive into the current folder So in the RANDOMCHARACTERS.PROFILENAME folder should be prefs.json and the other files and folders, Don't put the FirefoxProfile folder in it but the contents of that folder.
Start Firefox, wait a bit, close it and start it again, All extensions settings and configuration should be done :)
# Install instant Messaging clients
Surely there are a lot of chat services, And you probably need more than 1, In that case I would recommend using Rambox or Ferdium, They have the advantage of having all web based chat services in 1 program, From Whatsapp to Discord and from IRC to Riot.
The following steps will install Ferdium on your system
Clone the repository
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/ferdium-bin.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd ferdium-bin
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Give it your password when it asks you for it and answer yes to every question.
Now you can open Ferdium, go to the settings, Disable every setting under general, and enable every setting under Appearance. Now you can go to services and enable any chat service you need.
# Install Mumble
Mumble is an encrypted UDP voice chat service, you can host your own servers or use one of the many public ones to chat to your friends using the highest quality possible.
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S mumble
If you need a good public server you can use mine on houtworm.im :)
# Install some handy fonts
If you want to see the unicode emoticons you need to install the emoticon pack.
sudo pacman -S noto-fonts-emoji
# Install Transmission
If you ever download stuff, try to use Torrents where possible, you do need a Torrent Client for that and Transmission is a great one, you can install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S transmission-gtk
now you can use Torrents instead of overloading your favorite distros by downloading distro images over HTTP :)
# Installing Virtualbox
Virtualbox is a Virtual Machine manager, You can run operating systems within your current operating system. This can be handy if you like to mess around with systems, want to learn more about Linux or you need proprietary software that doesn't run trough Wine.
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S virtualbox
When you get asked a question go with the dkms option.
# Installing Geekbench
Geekbench is a very nice benchmarking toolkit for benchmarking your CPU and GPU, It runs on almost everything, So you can compare your PC against your Phone and your Server for example :)
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/geekbench.git
Now change the directory to the just downloaded folder
cd geekbench
Now build and install the package
makepkg -si
Now you should be able to benchmark your system by running the following commands, There are more beenchmarks available but these 2 are the important ones :)
CPU
geekbench --cpu
GPU Vulkan
geekbench --compute vulkan
# Install MPD
MPD is the Media Player Daemon, It is a media player as a service that needs an mpd client to steer it. It is great for a raspberry connected to your receiver for example. I use it on my PC with Ampache installed on my server controlling it.
sudo pacman -S mpd && systemctl --user enable mpd
If you want media keys to work with MPD
sudo pacman -S mpd-mpris
# Install Audacious
Audacious is a nice smalll music player that will play about every format
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S audacious
# Install VLC
Same thing applies for VLC is is a great Video player that will play anything from anywhere
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S vlc
# Install Sublime
Sublime is a Subsonic music player. If you have a server somewhere I would recommend installing it.
Simply search for sublime-music in pamac and you can install it easily :)
# Installing OBS
OBS Studio is the go to streaming software on all platforms, Surely not everyone streams, but it is also very handy to record your screen or from other devices.
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S obs-studio
# Installing NoiseTorch
NoiseTorch is simply amazing noise cancellation software, There could be a circus a mariachi band and a sporting event in your living room, and even when you are talking on a low volume, people on the other side will hear nothing but your voice. Truly amazing.
We need to install it from the AUR, so go ahead and clone the repo
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/noisetorch.git
change the directory
cd noisetorch
install the package
makepkg -si
Now you can find NoiseTorch in your menu, just open it configure it and load it to use it, Unload it again to stop it.

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---
title: 06 Office
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:40:07.296Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-30T05:53:56.921Z
---
# Installing Libreoffice
Libreoffice is the total office package that can do everything and open anything
Install it if you ever come across office documents.
sudo pacman -S libreoffice-fresh
if you need a different language than English also install the language packs you need
Exectute the following command, be sure to replace nl with your own country letters.
sudo pacman -S libreoffice-fresh-nl
# Installing Spell correction
If you need spelling correction you can install Aspell or Hunspell or both
I would suggest using Pamac for this because you can easily see what languages are available. Just open it and search for aspell or hunspell, or both.
# Enable Printing
Surely not everyone needs this one, But if you need a printer install cups with the following command
sudo pacman -S cups cups-pdf
Enable the service
sudo systemctl enable --now org.cups.cupsd.socket
The print server should be running, you can configure it by going to http://localhost:631 and just following the wizard.
There is a possibility you need custom drivers, In that case look for your printer in the AUR, it is very likely they are in there :)
# Install GIMP
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an amazing photoshop like tool that can do about everything with images, It might be a bit overwhelming at first, but just look for tutorials if you want to accomplish a specific task.
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S gimp
# Install Inkscape
Inkscape is also a very powerful tool, Instead of raster images it tackles vector images, Which is great for designing logos and other stuff that needs to be infinitely scaleable.
Install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S inkscape

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---
title: 07 Gaming
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T05:36:10.081Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T08:00:15.742Z
---
# Introduction
So if you want to play games on your machine you might want to follow this guide
# Enable Multilib
Steam is a 32 bit application, like many of the games in its library, So to be able to install it we need to add multilib to our 64 bit system.
Edit /etc/pacman.conf and uncomment the multilib section.
sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf
Remove the # in front of all the multilib section lines so that section looks like this
```
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
```
Now simply update the system to enable 32 bit applications
sudo pacman -Syyuu
If you are running KDE be sure to install lib32-fontconfig with the following command
sudo pacman -S lib32-fontconfig
# GPU Drivers
Having the right GPU drivers is imporant, else games won't run properly.
If you have a GTX9xx or newer you need the newest drivers, If you even have an older card, manually check which driver you need: https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us But install them trough the AUR.
Nvidia
For the newest Nvidia you need these packages so install them.
sudo pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-settings nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils lib32-opencl-nvidia opencl-nvidia libvdpau libxnvctrl vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader
AMD
you need these packages so install them if you have a AMD GPU
sudo pacman -S mesa lib32-mesa mesa-vdpau lib32-mesa-vdpau lib32-vulkan-radeon vulkan-radeon glu lib32-glu vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader
Now update and reboot
sudo pacman -Syu && sudo reboot
If you use Gnome or GDM with Nvidia you might need to disable Wayland, This is not always the case, But I include it here just in case, If your System won't reboot you can try this
sudo vim /etc/gdm/custom.conf
Remove the # in front of the #WaylandEnable=false line and it should force Xorg.
# Feral Gamemode
Gamemode puts all your hardware in performance mode, it fixes some common problems and it just sounds cool :P
Gamemode is in the repos these days, so simply run the following command to install gamemode.
sudo pacman -S gamemode lib32-gamemode
Now that it is installed we need to enable the service with this command
systemctl --user enable gamemoded && systemctl --user start gamemoded
To use gamemode for supertuxkart for example, run this terminal
gamemoderun supertuxkart
To use it in Steam edit the launch option for the desired game to
gamemoderun %command%
# Nvidia Improvements
Nvidia users might want to enable all options listed here to improve performance in games
Force Full Composition Pipeline avoids screen tearing by letting the GPU do all the scaling.
Triple Buffer avoids stuttering gameplay It allows for a stream of data instead of chunks of data.
IndirectGLXProtocol forces the game to directly communicate with the Nvidia drivers.
Coolbits enables your card to be overclocked which gamemode will make use of.
Create a Xorg Config file:
sudo nvidia-xconfig
Move it to the right directory:
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf
Edit the file with the following command
sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf
Add in these lines under the "Device" section between the other options
```
Option "TripleBuffer" "on"
Option "Coolbits" "28"
```
Add in these lines under the "Screen" section between the other options.
Don't add the ForceFullCompositionPipeline line if you want Gsync
```
Option "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0 {ForceCompositionPipeline=On, ForceFullCompositionPipeline=On}"
Option "AllowIndirectGLXProtocol" "off"
```
Try this one with risk, It will be sure to crash GNOME, I am not sure about other DEs
just add it to the end of the file
```
Section "Extensions"
Option "Composite" "Disable"
EndSection
```
If you run into any problems, just hit CTRL ALT F3 to switch to a different tty login, run the command to edit the file again and put a # in front of the options that are giving you trouble and reboot
Alternatively you can just completely remove the file with the following command and reboot
sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf
# Libstrangle
Libstrangle is a tool that helps you control framerates but also vsync settings. This is especially handy for games that do not support these features, You would like to half your framerate to make it run better save some power or just give your hardware a break.
Install it with the following command
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/libstrangle.git && cd libstrangle && makepkg -si && cd
Libstrangle can be used in multiple ways depending on what you want to achieve.
To use libstrangle you can simply type strangle and then the amount of frames you want to run. There are some examples below, But the features you will probably use are Vsync which you use by using the -v option, the rules for OpenGL and Vulkan are different, Here is what each number does for the different apis.
OpenGL 0 Force off, 1 Force on, n - Sync to refresh rate
Vulkan 0 Force off, 1 Mailbox mode, 2 Traditional vsync, 3 Adaptive vsync
You can also limit the game depending on the power state of your device, Set it to 60 while charging and on 30 while discharging for example. You do this by adding a second number right after a colon. in example, strangle 60:30. There are more features but they are not that commonly used, you can check the gitlab link above or simply type strangle -h for more information.
To limit the framerate of supertuxkart to 30 simply run
strangle 30 supertuxkart
To Force enable vsync on 60 fps for an OpenGL Steam game set the launch option to
strangle -v 1 60 %command%
To set the framerate of a vulkan game on Steam to 120 fps but 60 on battery power with adaptive vsync set this as your launch command
strangle -v 3 120:60 %command%
# Mangohud
Mangohud is a monitoring tool for Vulkan and OpenGL applications. It can show CPU and GPU usage, temps, But also framerates, frametimes and a lot more.
Install it with the following command
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/mangohud.git && cd mangohud && makepkg -si && cd
Don't forget about the 32bit version
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/lib32-mangohud.git && cd lib32-mangohud && makepkg -si && cd
To configure it with a GUI you can check out GOverlay below. For a manual configuration you can edit
~/.config/MangoHud/MangoHud.conf
If you want exactly my configuration you can just copy this into it without the need for GOverlay.
```
background_alpha=0.3
font_size=20
background_color=020202
text_color=ffffff
position=top-right
no_display
toggle_hud=F11
cpu_stats
cpu_temp
cpu_color=007AFA
gpu_stats
gpu_temp
gpu_color=00BD00
ram
ram_color=B3000A
vram
vram_color=00801B
io_read
io_write
io_color=B84700
arch
engine_color=B200B0
frame_timing=1
frametime_color=00ff00
#output_file=/home/houtworm/mangohud_log_
#fps_limit 120
#media_player
#toggle_logging=F10
```
You can tweak all the little things you want here. You can also create different configurations per game by adding a MangoHud.conf file to the game directory.
To use it for any game change its launch option to
mangohud %command%
To use it with non Steam games use the following command
mangohud supertuxkart
Some games might need the 32 bit version, try this if the normal command fails.
mangohud.x86 %command%
# VKBasalt
VKBasalt is a post processing layer for Vulkan which enables you to enhance graphics further. It only works with Vulkan, This includes all Proton games.
Install it with the following command
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/vkbasalt.git && cd mangohud && makepkg -si && cd
To configure it first you need to create a config file, Run the following command to copy the example to a folder you can edit as the user.
mkdir ~/.config/vkBasalt && cp /usr/share/vkBasalt/vkBasalt.conf.example ~/.config/vkBasalt/vkBasalt.conf
You can tweak all the little things you want here. You can also create different configurations per game by adding a vkBasalt.conf file to the game directory.
To use VKBasalt for any particular game enter this as a launch option.
ENABLE_VKBASALT=1 %command%
You can also start non Steam games this way by typing the following command
ENABLE_VKBASALT=1 supertuxkart
# GOverlay
GOverlay is a Graphical User Interface for managing MangoHud and VKBasalt
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/vkbasalt.git && cd vkbasalt && makepkg -si && cd
mesa-demos and vulkan-tools are optional, You need them if you want to show the previews.
Install them with the following command
sudo pacman -S mesa-demos vulkan-tools
# AOC Compiler
WIP!
# fsync
WIP!
# Freesync
WIP!
# Gsync
WIP!
# Monitor switching hotkey
WIP!
# disabling composition
WIP!
# Open Joystick Display
WIP!
# Gamescope
WIP!
# Using a separate special gaming DE at login
WIP!

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---
title: 08 Emulation
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T05:51:51.261Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T03:45:54.593Z
---
# Emulation
If you want to play console games on your system you need some emulators, If you only want to play Windows PC games you can just scroll down to the Steam Play section.
# RetroArch
WIP!
# Dolphin
WIP!
# Yuzu
WIP!
# Duckstation
WIP!
# PCSX2
WIP!
# RPCS3
WIP!
# Flycast
WIP!
# Xemu
WIP!
# Steam Rom Manager
WIP!
# Steam Play
Steam Play Compatibility Tools are great for running Steam games that do not work natively on your system. Of course there is no guarantee games will work, But it certainly boosts the list of playable games on Steam for Linux. You can run Windows games or DOS games on Linux, You can even run Linux games that fail to run when you start them normally.
First up we need to enable Steam Play in the Steam settings,
1. Click on Steam in the top bar
2. Click on Settings
3. Select the Steam Play tab on the right
4. Enable "Enable Steam Play for supported Titles"
You can optionally enable the second box to enable Steam Play automatically for all games in your library, I would not recommend this because It breaks the Native Linux filtering tool.
Now Save and Steam will restart, To actually use it now we need to force it for each game we want to play,
1. Right click the game you want to run using Steam Play
2. Click Properties
3. Click on the Compatibility tab on the right
4. Enable "Force the use of a specific Steam Play compatibility tool"
5. Select the Steam Play Compatibility tool that you want to use
Below I will list all Steam Play Compatibility tools out there, describe what they do and how to install them.
## Proton
This is Valves own fork of Wine, It will be installed automatically if you select it as the tool of choice in any games properties. Proton should be the go to tool if you want to play Windows games.
## ProtonDB
protondb.com is a Proton DataBase, Here anyone can report how well games run for them with Proton, It creates some nice stats and it is a useful place to check which games you will be able to play.
I would also urge everyone to report the games you have played, It helps a lot. Good or bad, even if there are already hundreds of reports. Also check out this Curator who lists Platinum rated games.
## Proton Github
The Proton Github is where you can report problems with games, It probably won't get fixed because of it, but it is good to let everyone know there is interest, and who knows maybe the community finds a fix together.
## Protontricks
Winetricks is a tool that helps you set certain tweaks to Wine to help make programs run or run better. Protontricks is just a simple wrapper which deals with proton directories in a manageable way.
Install it with the following command
WIP!
Now you should be able to execute protontricks commands in your terminal, If a listing on ProtonDB works by using a certain protontricks command you can make the adjustment pretty easily
## Proton GE
Proton GE is a fork of proton by Glorious Eggroll, That's where the GE comes from. It fixes a lot of game specific bugs, so if your game does not work with Proton, You can always try this one.
Install it with the following command
WIP!
Now you should be able to restart steam and the compatibility tool should show up in the game properties when you enable Force the use of a specific Steam Play compatibility tool.
## Boxtron
Boxtron is a tool to run DOS games with DOSBox right from the Steam Client, This fixes some broken DOS games on the Steam Store, and it enhances the performance for most. You can check this Curator for supported games
Install it with the following command
WIP!
Now you should be able to restart steam and the compatibility tool should show up in the game properties when you enable Force the use of a specific Steam Play compatibility tool.
## Roberta
Roberta is a tool to run SCUMM games with ScummVM right from the Steam Client, This Enables you to play some Windows ports on the Steam Store with a Native Linux Engine. which greatly improves everything ofcourse. Also check out this Curator that lists compatible games.
Install it with the following command
WIP!
Now you should be able to restart steam and the compatibility tool should show up in the game properties when you enable Force the use of a specific Steam Play compatibility tool.
## Luxtorpeda
Luxtorpeda is a tool that makes Windows only games run natively running the game with the official game assets using open source engines like OpenMW, OpenXcom, GZDoom and much more.
Install it with the following command
WIP!
Now you should be able to restart steam and the compatibility tool should show up in the game properties when you enable Force the use of a specific Steam Play compatibility tool.
## Steam Linux Runtime
Steam Linux Runtime is a container for your native Linux games, it will use more of Steams own libraries instead of the ones from your system. If a game does not run normally you could try this one.
Steam Linux Runtime has a few advantages for users; Games can not access your home directory, they are isolated in their own little container. It can help support older games that don't work on newer systems. For developers it creates a single runtime they can test against.

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---
title: 09 Special Hardware
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T05:35:30.253Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T03:44:22.001Z
---
# Programmable Mouse
If you have a mouse with profiles or adjustable DPI, there is a chance it is supported by Piper, If you are in doubt you can simply try it and remove Piper if it doesn't work
install it with the following command
sudo pacman -S piper
Now open the program and check if it detects your mouse
# BlackMagic Capture Cards
WIP!
# Xbox One Controller
## Xpad
xpad works great, is the default on modern Linux distros and supports a wide range of controllers
For Bluetooth to work with xpad and the Xbox One controllers you need to disable ertm (This is not needed for xpadneo)
create the config file
sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/xbox_bt.conf
Add the following line to the document and save and exit with CTRL + X.
```
options bluetooth disable_ertm=1
```
## Xpadneo
xpadneo is a better driver for xbox one controllers if you use bluetooth, It enables vibration and even the vibration inside the triggers, It supports battery level indication, It also fixes the mapping in many many games that where previously unplayable with a Xbox One controller on Linux.
Install the dependencies
sudo pacman -S dkms bluez bluez-utils
Install xpadneo from the AUR
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/xpadneo-dkms-git.git && cd xpadneo-dkms-git && makepkg -si
Now you should be able to reboot and it should be all good, Having the controllers vibrate for a second when connected is a good indicator that it works.
## Xow
Xow is a better driver for xbox one controllers if you use the official wireless controller dongle from Microsoft, I don't own one so I can't test anything I would write here, So I just don't, I do mention it in case you have one.
# Racing Wheels
Racing wheels should work out of the box on Linux, Including Force Feedback, Shifters, pedals and most things you can throw at it. But if you like to fine tune some things you may need some software. This is mostly not even the case, I played a long time just using the default kernel drivers, But some of these tools might come in very handy if you play different games, with different settings or with unsupported wheels.
## Oversteer
Oversteer will enable a few cool things like Turning Degree and Lock if the game you want to play doesn't support it. It also enables you to set profiles for games and gives you compatibility modes so that you can play older games that expect a G27 for example.
Install it with the following command
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/oversteer.git && cd oversteer && makepkg -si
You can open the program now and check some things out.
## lg4ff
lg4ff is a kernel module for steering wheels which enables you to adjust the lights on a G29 for example, It also allows you to fine tune and even amplify the Force Feedback, Aplify it on your own risk tho, I already wrecked a G29, The inner housing broke, don't worry about it overheating or anything.
Install it with the following command
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/new-lg4ff-dkms-git.git && cd new-lg4ff-dkms-git && makepkg -si
# Handbrake
Handbrakes are not that common sadly, You can purchase an expensive one from Fanatec, buy one from Aliexpress or create your own.
If you use a Fanatec Handbrake You just need to add a few lines with the correct ProductID and VendorID to the inputdevices.json file of the game. For Feral games it will be located in the installation folder under the /Share directory. Just add the folllowing lines with the correct ProductID and VendorID before the last ] of the file. These Product and Vendor IDs are for a Arduino Leonardo. You can find the right Product and Vendor IDs by typing lsusb -v in a terminal when the device is connected.
```
{
"Name": "Handbrake",
"VendorID": "0x2341",
"ProductIDs": [
"0x8036"
],
"Category": "Wheel",
"Type": "UnknownWheel"
}
```
If you made your own or bought a complete handbrake sim set from Aliexpress or Ebay and it is not working properly follow the following instructions.
Download this little zip file, It includes inputdevice.json files for Dirt Rally and Dirt 4, It also includes the Arduino Sketch, The Joystick Library and a little readme file.
https://houtworm.cloud/s/ksrijLyYseQPFKx
We will need arduino installed on our system
sudo pacman -S arduino
Copy the Joystick folder in the Joystick master zip file to the Arduino libraries folder which is located in ~/Arduino/libraries
Open Arduino and replace all text with this content
```
#include <Joystick.h>
const int potPin = A0;
Joystick_ Joystick;
void setup() {
Joystick.begin();
}
void loop() {
int rawValue = analogRead(potPin);
int value = 255 - map(rawValue, 750, 1023, 0, 255);
Joystick.setXAxis(value);
}
```
Make sure you put the right Arduino model and the right USB port in tools, Then click on Verify and if it succeeds press Upload to flash it to the Arduino.
If needed you can adjust the values (rawValue, 750, 1023, 0, 255). These may be different depending on how you built it
Now the Arduino is a functional Handbrake in Racing games :)

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---
title: 10 Maintenance
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-01T23:56:42.614Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-30T01:47:46.929Z
---
# Cleaning up and maintaining the system
Lastly we are going to clean up a bit, We left a lot of mess in your home directory during in the few hours, You can remove all the folders we used for installing the AUR packages, like pamac-aur, nautilus-nextcloud, numix-square-icons, etc
To maintain your system all you have to do is update it, you can run the following command to update your entire system.
sudo pacman -Syu
If you followed the complete guide and installed Pamac, you can just use pamac to update all packages on your system including the ones from the AUR.
You don't have to update every day, You can ofcourse, But if you want to update every week or every 2 weeks that is fine too, I do think the sweet spot is between 3 days and a week. Unless you don't use the device I would not wait longer than a month with updates, some of the updates are pretty important for the security of the device, Which is the main reason why you MUST update.
You can also remove orphaned packages every once in a while with the following command
sudo pacman -Rnsc $(pacman -Qqdt)
You do this in pamac by going to the installed tab, then click on orphans and then select all to remove them.
I would be careful with executing commands from the internet, especially the sudo command, It is extremely powerful, You could mess up everything with many simple commands.
If you need extra software, always try the repos first! Nothing wrong with needing something from the AUR, but try to keep it to a minimum, and regularly check the "Foreign Packages" under installed in Pamac to check what AUR packages are still installed, If you see anything you don't recognize, try to remove it, If it is a dependency Pamac will warn you and you can always cancel.
I would recommend against Installing software from git, web, trough scripts, make, curl, wget, etc. Don't unless you absolutely need it and know what you are doing, But by that time I would recommend to just add it to the AUR yourself.
I would also recommend keeping your home directory nice and orderly.

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---
title: 00 Introduction
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:38:56.954Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T03:35:52.042Z
---
# Introduction
This guide assumes you followed my Arch Server guide therefore it will expect you already have basic knowledge about the programs we are using, have fail2ban configured and you have a storage cluster mounted to /data.
If you did not follow my complete Arch Server guide you should do a few things
1. set up fail2ban
make sure fail2ban talks to your firewall properly and test that people actually get banned
2. adjust the storage locations
Either mount your storage cluster/disk to /data or adjust the storage location in every docker compose file in the guide.
3. basic knowledge about linux, docker, fail2ban and networking
You should not execute commands or insert configuration you don't understand, so be sure to read up.
The guide should be pretty straightforward, And all the guides are optional, so only install what you will actually use. Most services will require a reverse proxy and a database so that's why we start with them, But you should again only install them if you need them.
Take your time and if you run into any problems be sure to leave a comment :)

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---
title: 01 Nginx
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:18:59.950Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:59.345Z
---
# Install and Configure Nginx
eNGINe X is a very powerful webserver, It can do many things and is highly configurable.
We will use it as a reverse proxy to forward requests to the correct container.
Create some folders in your home directory
mkdir -p ~/docker/nginx
Now create a docker compose file in that directory
vim ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
```
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
image: nginx:latest
container_name: nginx
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/nginx/config:/etc/nginx
- /data/nginx/log/error.log:/var/log/error.log
- /data/nginx/log/access.log:/var/log/access.log
- /etc/letsencrypt/:/etc/letsencrypt/
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
```
First we need to create a folder for the configuration
sudo mkdir -p /data/nginx/config
We need to add the nginx configuration file
sudo vim /data/nginx/config/nginx.conf
Add in the following text
```
# Global Settings
user nginx;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
multi_accept on;
worker_connections 1024;
}
# Web Traffic
http {
charset utf-8;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
server_tokens off;
error_log /var/log/error.log warn;
access_log /var/log/access.log;
proxy_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache keys_zone=one:500m max_size=1000m;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
types_hash_bucket_size 64;
client_max_body_size 16M;
client_body_buffer_size 16M;
client_header_buffer_size 16M;
large_client_header_buffers 2 16M;
# MIME
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Limits
limit_req_log_level warn;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m rate=10r/m;
# SSL
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
# Services
include /etc/nginx/services/*.active;
}
```
Nginx should be good now, lets start the container
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d
We will create 2 folders for future use auth is for password protected services and services is where nginx will look for server configuration
sudo mkdir -p /data/nginx/config/services && sudo mkdir -p /data/nginx/config/auth
Now we only need to setup fail2ban for Nginx, so create the following file
sudo vim /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginxx.local
add in the following content
```
[INCLUDES]
before = common.conf
[Definition]
failregex = ^<HOST>.*"(GET|POST).*" (400|401|403|404|405|406|407|423|429) .*$
```
This will ban everyone getting any of the error codes in the failregex line.
Now we need to activate the filter in our main fail2ban configuration file
sudo vim /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Add the following to the bottom
```
## Nginx
[nginxx]
enabled = true
logpath = /data/nginx/log/access.log
```
Restart fail2ban to make the changes take effect
sudo systemctl restart fail2ban

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---
title: 02 Mariadb
description:
published: true
date: 2023-07-14T17:31:21.541Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:45.617Z
---
# MariaDB
MariaDB is a drop in replacement for MySQL, which is a database used by many services.
First we create some folders
mkdir -p ~/docker/mariadb
First we will create a docker compose file
vim ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
```
version: '3'
services:
mariadb:
image: mariadb:latest
container_name: mariadb
restart: always
command: --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED --binlog-format=ROW --skip-innodb-read-only-compressed
volumes:
- /data/mariadb/data:/var/lib/mysql
- /data/mariadb/config:/etc/mysql/conf.d
- /data/mariadb/logs:/var/log/mysql
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
environment:
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=SETAMYSQLROOTPASSWORDHERE
```
Be sure to set your mysql root password
Mariadb should be good now, lets start the container
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml up -d
Now we only need to initialize the database
sudo docker exec -it mariadb mariadb-secure-installation
Answer the first 3 questions with No and the rest with Yes
You can get into the database with the following command (only if mariadb is running)
sudo docker exec -it maridb mysql -p
Enter the Mysql root password you provided during the creation of the mariadb container and you should be in.
Here you can create databases with the following command
create database DATABASENAME;
Create a user with
create user USERNAME@'LOCALIP' identified by 'USERPASSWORD';
Give privileges to a user on a database with
grant all privileges on DATABASENAME.* to USERNAME@'LOCALIP';
And Flush the privileges with
flush privileges;
You can exit the mysql prompt with `exit;` and then pressing enter.
# PHPMyAdmin
Is a database manager for Mysql/MariaDB, it can be handy to manage the database with a GUI, Only install it if you need it, It is not needed for MariaDB to function at all.
First we start with a project folder
mkdir -p ~/docker/phpmyadmin
Now we create a docker-compose file
vim ~/docker/phpmyadmin/docker-compose.yml
Paste in the following text
```
version: '3'
networks:
phpmyadmin:
external: true
name: phpmyadmin
services:
phpmyadmin:
image: phpmyadmin
container_name: phpmyadmin
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php:/var/www/html/config.inc.php:ro
networks:
phpmyadmin:
ipv4_address: 172.20.72.10
environment:
- PMA_ARBITRARY=1
```
Now we are going to create the phpmyadmin config folder.
sudo mkdir /data/phpmyadmin
Next we are going to create a config file
sudo vim /data/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
Paste in the following text
```
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'PUT YOUR BLOWFISH SECRET HERE';
$i = 0;
$i++;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'HTTP';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '0.0.0.0';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['compress'] = false;
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = false;
$cfg['AuthLog'] = '/var/log/phpmyadmin.log';
$cfg['UploadDir'] = '';
$cfg['SaveDir'] = '';
```
Now we will create a network
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.20.72.0/24 phpmyadmin
And start the container
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/phpmyadmin/docker-compose.yml up -d
PHPmyAdmin ofcourse needs access to the mariadb container so lets add mariadb to the network
vim ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml
Paste in the following lines
```
services:
mariadb:
networks:
phpmyadmin:
ipv4_address: 172.20.72.30
networks:
phpmyadmin:
external: true
name: phpmyadmin
```
Restart MariaDB to add it to the PHPmyAdmin network
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml down && sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml up -d
Now we need to add nginx to the phpmyadmin network
vim ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
Paste in the following lines
```
services:
nginx:
networks:
phpmyadmin:
ipv4_address: 172.20.72.20
networks:
phpmyadmin:
external: true
name: phpmyadmin
```
Now we finally need to create a nginx config file
sudo vim /data/nginx/config/services/phpmyadmin.active
Paste in the following lines
```
server {
server_name example.com;
listen 443 ssl;
# Settings
autoindex off;
client_max_body_size 5000M;
# Locations
location / {
auth_basic "Restricted Content";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/auth/.phpmyadmin;
proxy_pass http://phpmyadmin:80;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
proxy_ssl_server_name on;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_connect_timeout 6000s;
proxy_send_timeout 6000s;
proxy_read_timeout 6000s;
}
location ~ /\.(?!well-known) {
deny all;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
}
# GZip
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;
# Headers
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: ws: wss: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy "interest-cohort=()" always;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
# SSL
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
}
# Redirect
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
```
Generate a auth file for phpmyadmin, be sure to replace USERNAME
sudo htpasswd -c /data/nginx/config/auth/.phpmyadmin USERNAME
now it will ask for a password, give it one and store it well.
Finally restart nginx
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml down && sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d
Fail2ban check on atempted logins
Eventhough there are two secuirity layers it is a good practice to keep track of failed logins on the landing page.
WIP!

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---
title: 03 Postgres
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T02:55:42.498Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:59:02.150Z
---
# PostgreSQL
Another Database server, It is a more modern database used by more modern applications
Create a folder for the project
mkdir -p ~/docker/postgres
Now create a compose file
vim ~/docker/postgres/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
```
version: '3'
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:latest
container_name: postgres
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=Set your postgresql root password here
```
WIP!
# PGAdmin
WIP!

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---
title: 04 Nextcloud
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T02:50:12.377Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:56.581Z
---
# Nextcloud
Nextcloud is a great application, It is great for storing and syncing data, storing your contacts, bookmarks, passwords, calendar, tasks. It also has a great RSS reader, full office suite and many many more. I truly can't live without it. And neither should you which is why I picked it as the example for this guide
First we need to create a network for the service.
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.20.30.0/24 nextcloud
Next we are going to create some folders
mkdir -p ~/docker/nextcloud
Now we will create a docker compose file
vim ~/docker/nextcloud/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
```
version: '3'
services:
nextcloud:
image: nextcloud
container_name: nextcloud
restart: always
volumes:
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
- /data/nextcloud:/var/www/html
networks:
nextcloud:
ipv4_address: 172.20.30.10
networks:
nextcloud:
external: true
name: nextcloud
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.20.30.0/24
```
Now we need to add a server block for nextcloud to the Nginx config file so create a file that will be included by the main nginx config file
sudo vim /data/nginx/config/services/nextcloud.active
add in the following text
```
server {
server_name example.com;
listen 443 ssl;
# Settings
autoindex off;
client_max_body_size 5000M;
# Locations
location / {
proxy_pass http://nextcloud:80;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
proxy_ssl_server_name on;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_connect_timeout 600m;
proxy_send_timeout 600m;
proxy_read_timeout 600m;
}
location /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location ~ /\.(?!well-known) {
deny all;
}
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
}
# GZip
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml application/json application/javascript application/rss+xml application/atom+xml image/svg+xml;
# Headers
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: ws: wss: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;
add_header Permissions-Policy "interest-cohort=()" always;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
# SSL
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
}
# Redirect
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com;
return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}
```
Be sure to replace `example.com` 6 times
Now we need to add nextcloud to the mariadb and nginx networks, because it needs a database and a proxy.
open the nginx compose file
vim ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
add the nextcloud network so it looks like this
```
version: '3'
services:
nginx:
image: nginx:latest
container_name: nginx
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/nginx/config:/etc/nginx
- /data/nginx/log/error.log:/var/log/error.log
- /data/nginx/log/access.log:/var/log/access.log
- /etc/letsencrypt/:/etc/letsencrypt/
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
ports:
- 80:80
- 443:443
- 8448:8448
networks:
nextcloud:
ipv4_address: 172.20.30.20
networks:
nextcloud:
external: true
name: nextcloud
```
open the mariadb compose file
vim ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml
add the nextcloud network so it looks like this
```
version: '3'
services:
mariadb:
image: mariadb:latest
container_name: mariadb
restart: always
command: --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED --binlog-format=ROW --skip-innodb-read-only-compressed
volumes:
- /data/mariadb/data:/var/lib/mysql
- /data/mariadb/config:/etc/mysql/conf.d
- /data/mariadb/logs:/var/log/mysql
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
environment:
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=YOURMYSQLROOTPASSWORD
networks:
nextcloud:
ipv4_address: 172.20.30.30
networks:
nextcloud:
external: true
name: nextcloud
```
Now we are going to start the nextcloud container and restart the nginx and mariadb containers.
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nextcloud/docker-compose.yml up -d
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml down && sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml down && sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml up -d
Nextcloud should be accessable from your browser using the domain you chose, But first we need to create a database, user and set the permissions.
You can get into the database with the following command (only if mariadb is running)
sudo docker exec -it mariadb mysql -p
Enter the Mysql root password you provided during the creation of the mariadb container and you should be in.
Now run the following commands to create a database, create a user with privileges, and make them take effect.
create database nextcloud;
create user nextcloud@'172.20.30.10' identified by 'NEXTCLOUDDATABASEPASSWORD';
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextcloud@'172.20.30.10';
flush privileges;
You can exit the mysql prompt with `exit;` and then pressing enter.
Now we just need to go to example.com and follow the steps
The Database is nextcloud, the user is nextcloud, The IP is 172.30.0.30:3306 and the password is what you gave it.
We also need to force HTTPS, else it will give problems since we are running from behind a proxy
sudo vim /data/nextcloud/config/config.php
Add in the following line preferrrably under the overwrite.cli.url line.
```
'overwriteprotocol' => 'https',
```
Nextcloud requires some tasks to be executed every 5 minutes, for that we are going to use systemd timers, like we did for certbot
Create a little script
vim ~/scripts/nextcloudcron.sh
add in the following content
```
#!/bin/bash
docker exec -u 33 -t nextcloud php -f /var/www/html/cron.php
exit
```
Create a systemd service
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/nextcloudcron.service
Add in the following content
```
[Unit]
Description=Runs Nextcloud Cron
Wants=nextcloudcron.timer
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/USERNAME/scripts/nextcloudcron.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
Create a timer file
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/nextcloudcron.timer
and add in the following content
```
[Unit]
Description=Runs Nextcloud Cron
Requires=nextcloudcron.service
[Timer]
Unit=cron5.service
OnBootSec=5min
OnUnitActiveSec=5min
[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target
```
Finally start the timer
sudo systemctl enable --now nextcloudcron.timer
Nextcloud should be all good and ready to go, You can check the persistance by completely deleting all containers and all volumes, When you start it again all your stuff should still be there :)
Nextcloud has its own Brute force protection, but we still are going to add a fail2ban filter because we want attackers to be banned from all services and not just nextcloud.
So lets create a new nextcloud filter
sudo vim /etc/fail2ban/filters.local
add in the following content
```
[Definition]
failregex=^{"reqId":".*","remoteAddr":".*","app":"core","message":"Login failed: '.*' \(Remote IP: '<HOST>'\)","level":2,"time":".*"}$
^{"reqId":".*","level":2,"time":".*","remoteAddr":".*","user":".*","app":".*","method":".*","url":".*","message":"Login failed: '.*' \(Remote IP: '<HOST>'\)".*}$
^{"reqId":".*","level":2,"time":".*","remoteAddr":".*","user":".*","app":".*","method":".*","url":".*","message":"Login failed: .* \(Remote IP: <HOST>\).*}$
```
Now add the filter to your main fail2ban config file
sudo vim /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
Add the following to the end of the file
```
## Nextcloud
[nextcloud]
filter = nextcloud
enabled = true
logpath = /data/nextcloud/data/nextcloud.log
```
restart fail2ban to make it take effect
sudo systemctl restart fail2ban

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---
title: 05 Smarthome
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:00:28.766Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:20.637Z
---
# Home Assistant
WIP!
# Mosquitto
WIP!
# Frigate
WIP!

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---
title: 06 Media
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:01:17.550Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:51.186Z
---
# Ampache
Ampache is a music server, Kind of like your own self hosted Spotify. It supports practically everything, from podcasts, to several music streaming protocols, transcoding, It even has a web player, music management, ratings and smart playlists. It truly is amazing.
First we need to create a network for the service.
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.31.0.0/16 ampache
Add the ampache network to the mariadb and nginx compose files
~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml
ampache:
ipv4_address: 172.31.0.30
ampache:
external: true
name: ampache
~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
ampache:
ipv4_address: 172.31.0.20
ampache:
external: true
name: ampache
Be sure to add them to the correct places, under the 2 networks: tags 1 under service and the other stands alone. Take a look at the nextcloud example.
Now simply restart the containers to make it take effect
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml restart
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mariadb/docker-compose.yml restart
Next we are going to create some folders
mkdir -p ~/docker/ampache
Now create a compose file for Ampache
nano ~/docker/ampache/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
version: '3'
services:
ampache:
image: ampache/ampache:latest
container_name: ampache
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/ampache/config:/var/www/config
- /data/ampache/log:/var/log/ampache
- /data/music:/media
networks:
ampache:
ipv4_address: 172.31.0.10
networks:
ampache:
external: true
name: ampache
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.31.0.0/16
Now we need to add in the server blocks to the Nginx config file so open te file
sudo nano /data/nginx/nginx.conf
And add in the following blocks within the html block
server {
server_name example.com;
listen 443 ssl;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
client_max_body_size 100M;
autoindex off;
location / {
proxy_pass http://ampache:80;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_redirect off;
if ( !-d $request_filename ) {
rewrite ^/rest/(.*).view$ /rest/index.php?action=$1 last;
rewrite ^/rest/fake/(.+)$ /play/$1 last;
}
rewrite ^(.*) $1 break;
rewrite ^/play/ssid/(.*)/type/(.*)/oid/([0-9]+)/uid/([0-9]+)/client/(.*)/player/(.*)/name/(.*)$ /play/index.php?ssid=$1&type=$2&oid=$3&uid=$4&client=$5&player=$6&name=$7 last;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name houtworm.vip;
return 301 https://houtworm.vip$request_uri;
}
Be sure to place it correctly, don't put it inside other server blocks. but it under the other server blocks.
Now we are going to start the container.
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/ampache/docker-compose.yml up -d
Now we need to give the right permissions to the ampache config folder so run the following command
sudo chown -R 33:33 /data/ampache/config
Ampache should be accessable from your browser using the domain you chose, But first we need to create a database, user and set the permissions.
You can get into the database with the following command (only if mariadb is running)
sudo docker exec -it mariadb mysql -p
Enter the Mysql root password you provided during the creation of the mariadb container and you should be in.
Now run the following commands to create a database, create a user with privileges, and make them take effect.
create database ampache;
create user ampache@'%' identified by 'set your ampache database password here';
grant all privileges on ampache.* to ampache@'%';
flush privileges;
You can exit the mysql prompt with exit; and then pressing enter.
Now we just need to go to example.com and follow the steps
The Database is ampache, the user is ampache, The hostname is 172.31.0.30 and the password is what you gave it. uncheck create database and click on inject database.
Next you leave web path empty and simply click on generate config file
One last step is forcing HTTPS, else it will give problems since we are running from behind a proxy
sudo nano /data/ampache/config/config.php
Uncomment the following line
force_ssl = "true"
Now Ampache should be all ready to go
# Jellyfin
WIP!

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---
title: 07 Pirate
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T06:02:24.470Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:07.436Z
---
# Pirating
WIP!
# Transmission
WIP!
# Nzbget
WIP!
# Lidarr
WIP!
# Sonarr
WIP!
# Radarr
WIP!
# Prowlarr
WIP!
# Bazarr
WIP!

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---
title: 08 Matrix
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T06:04:33.804Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:48.449Z
---
# Matrix
WIP!
# Conduit
WIP!
# Synapse
Synapse is a Matrix server, It can be used for all sorts of things, but it is mainly used for private communication. I can certainly recommend it.
First we need to create a network
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.32.0.0/16 synapse
Now create the folder for the project
mkdir -p ~/docker/synapse
Now create the compose file
nano ~/docker/synapse/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
version: '3'
services:
synapse:
image: matrixdotorg/synapse:latest
container_name: synapse
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/synapse:/data
networks:
synapse:
ipv4_address: 172.32.0.10
networks:
synapse:
external: true
name: synapse
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.32.0.0/16
Now we need to create the database user, database and set the privileges First the user
sudo docker exec -it -u postgres postgres psql
create user synapse with encrypted password 'set your synapse user password here';
exit;
Now the database
sudo docker exec -it -u postgres postgres bash
createdb --encoding=UTF8 --locale=C --template=template0 --owner=synapse synapse
exit
And finally the permissions
sudo docker exec -it -u postgres postgres psql
grant all privileges on database synapse to synapse;
exit;
Now we need to run the synapse config generation
sudo docker run -it --rm -v "/data/synapse:/data" -e SYNAPSE_SERVER_NAME=example.com -e SYNAPSE_REPORT_STATS=yes matrixdotorg/synapse:latest generate
Now we are going to adjust the config file a bit
sudo nano /data/synapse/homeserver.yaml
Here we comment in the sqlite database and uncomment the postgres settings so it looks like this
database:
name: psycopg2
txn_limit: 10000
args:
user: synapse
password: the password you set for the synapse user
database: synapse
host: 172.32.0.30
port: 5432
cp_min: 5
cp_max: 10
#database:
# name: sqlite3
# args:
# database: /data/homeserver.db
We can now start the synapse container
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/synapse/docker-compose.yml up -d
Now we need to add nginx to the synapse network (notice we already added synapse to postgres)
nano ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
Add the following bits in the correct place
- 8448:8448
synapse:
ipv4_address: 172.32.0.20
synapse:
external: true
name: synapse
Now we finally add the server block to the nginx config file
sudo nano /data/nginx/nginx.conf
Add in the following block
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
# For the federation port
listen 8448 ssl http2 default_server;
listen [::]:8448 ssl http2 default_server;
server_name example.com;
location ~ ^(/_matrix|/_synapse/client) {
# note: do not add a path (even a single /) after the port in `proxy_pass`,
# otherwise nginx will canonicalise the URI and cause signature verification
# errors.
proxy_pass http://synapse:8008;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
# Nginx by default only allows file uploads up to 1M in size
# Increase client_max_body_size to match max_upload_size defined in homeserver.yaml
client_max_body_size 50M;
}
}
The last thing we need to do is open up port 8448 in our router.
Now Synapse should be up and running, as a last step we need to add a user.
sudo docker exec -it synapse bash
register_new_matrix_user -c /data/homeserver.yaml http://localhost:8008
Simply follow the steps, give a name, give a password, and say wether it is an admin yes or no.
# Element
Element is a Web client for Matrix, You can use it to chat with other Matrix users
First we are going to create the network
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.33.0.0/16 element
Now we are going to create a folder for the compose file
mkdir ~/docker/element
Create the compose file
nano ~/docker/element/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
version: '3'
services:
element:
image: vectorim/element-web:latest
container_name: element
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/element/element-config.json:/app/config.json
networks:
element:
ipv4_address: 172.33.0.10
networks:
element:
external: true
name: element
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.33.0.0/16
Now we need to create the element folder for the data
sudo mkdir /data/element/
Now we are going to create element the config file
sudo nano /data/element/element-config.json
Add in the following text
{
"default_server_config": {
"m.homeserver": {
"base_url": "https://example.com",
"server_name": "example.com"
},
"m.identity_server": {
"base_url": "https://vector.im"
}
},
"brand": "Element",
"integrations_ui_url": "https://scalar.vector.im/",
"integrations_rest_url": "https://scalar.vector.im/api",
"integrations_widgets_urls": [
"https://scalar.vector.im/_matrix/integrations/v1",
"https://scalar.vector.im/api",
"https://scalar-staging.vector.im/_matrix/integrations/v1",
"https://scalar-staging.vector.im/api",
"https://scalar-staging.riot.im/scalar/api"
],
"hosting_signup_link": "https://element.io/matrix-services?utm_source=element-web&utm_medium=web",
"bug_report_endpoint_url": "https://element.io/bugreports/submit",
"uisi_autorageshake_app": "element-auto-uisi",
"showLabsSettings": true,
"piwik": {
"url": "https://piwik.riot.im/",
"siteId": 1,
"policyUrl": "https://element.io/cookie-policy"
},
"roomDirectory": {
"servers": [
"matrix.org",
"gitter.im",
"libera.chat"
]
},
"enable_presence_by_hs_url": {
"https://matrix.org": false,
"https://matrix-client.matrix.org": false
},
"terms_and_conditions_links": [
{
"url": "https://element.io/privacy",
"text": "Privacy Policy"
},
{
"url": "https://element.io/cookie-policy",
"text": "Cookie Policy"
}
],
"hostSignup": {
"brand": "Element Home",
"cookiePolicyUrl": "https://element.io/cookie-policy",
"domains": [
"matrix.org"
],
"privacyPolicyUrl": "https://element.io/privacy",
"termsOfServiceUrl": "https://element.io/terms-of-service",
"url": "https://ems.element.io/element-home/in-app-loader"
},
"sentry": {
"dsn": "https://029a0eb289f942508ae0fb17935bd8c5@sentry.matrix.org/6",
"environment": "develop"
},
"posthog": {
"projectApiKey": "phc_Jzsm6DTm6V2705zeU5dcNvQDlonOR68XvX2sh1sEOHO",
"apiHost": "https://posthog.hss.element.io"
},
"features": {
"feature_spotlight": true
},
"map_style_url": "https://api.maptiler.com/maps/streets/style.json?key=fU3vlMsMn4Jb6dnEIFsx"
}
Now we are going to add the network to the nginx compose file
nano ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml
Add the following to the correct place
element:
ipv4_address: 172.33.0.20
element:
external: true
name: element
Now we only need to edit the nginx config file
sudo nano /data/nginx/nginx.conf
Add in the following location block between the synapse server
location / {
proxy_pass http://element:80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $remote_addr;
}
Now finally restart the nginx container and start the element container.
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/nginx/docker-compose.yml up -d
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/element/docker-compose.yml up -d
Element should be ready to use :)
# Synapse Admin
WIP!

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---
title: 09 Mumble
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T02:58:14.663Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T01:58:53.909Z
---
Install and Configure Mumble
Mumble is an encrypted voice chat service, It is pretty much amazing, and nothing comes close to it.
First we are going to create a network
sudo docker network create --subnet=172.34.0.0/16 mumble
now we are going to create a folder
mkdir -p ~/docker/mumble
now we need to create the docker compose file
nano ~/mumble/docker-compose.yml
Add in the following text
version: '3'
services:
mumble:
image: mumblevoip/mumble-server
container_name: mumble
restart: always
volumes:
- /data/mumble/:/data
environment:
- SUPERUSER_PASSWORD=CHANGE ME INTO SOMETHING
ports:
- 64738:64738
- 64738:64738/udp
networks:
mumble:
ipv4_address: 172.34.0.10
networks:
mumble:
external: true
name: mumble
ipam:
config:
- subnet: 172.34.0.0/24
Lets create a config file now
sudo nano /data/mumble/murmur.ini
Add in the following text and adjust it where needed
logfile=/data/murmur.log
welcometext="Welcome to my Mumble server"
bandwidth=144000
users=1000
timeout=30
registerName=Mumble Server Root
registerLocation=NL
Now we finally change the owner of the folder to let Murmur access it
sudo chown -R 1000:1000 /data/mumble
Let it run with the following command
sudo docker-compose -f ~/docker/mumble/docker-compose.yml up -d

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---
title: 10 Proxies
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T02:59:29.821Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:17.751Z
---
# SearxNG
WIP!
# Invidious
WIP!

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---
title: 11 Gitea
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:09:28.099Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:10.059Z
---
# Gitea
WIP!

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---
title: 12 Wiki
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T03:10:07.363Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:23.239Z
---
# WikiJS
WIP!

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---
title: 13 Monitoring
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T06:05:30.852Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T02:09:15.119Z
---
# Grafana
WIP!
# Prometheus
WIP!
# Dex
WIP!
# Dozzle
WIP!
# UptimeKuma
WIP!

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---
title: 15 DNS
description:
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T06:08:29.594Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-05-03T06:08:29.594Z
---
# Authoritative
WIP!
# Recursive
WIP!
# DNSdist
WIP!
# PowerDNS Admin
WIP!

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---
title: Welcome
description: Landing Page
published: true
date: 2023-05-03T04:28:57.037Z
tags:
editor: markdown
dateCreated: 2023-04-28T01:04:28.010Z
---
# Welcome to my Wiki
There is not much here yet, Everything is a WIP for now and I plan to add more stuff in the future, feel free to take a look around.