Wiki/Guides/Arch/03Terminal.md

title, description, published, date, tags, editor, dateCreated

title	description	published	date	tags	editor	dateCreated
03 Terminal		true	2024-11-24T11:45:11.626Z		markdown	2023-04-30T06:05:33.890Z

Installing ZSH

ZSH is a pretty cool lightweight shell that is very configurable, Install it with the following command

sudo pacman -S zsh

Now we are going to make ZSH the default shell with the following command

chsh -s $(chsh -l | grep -m1 zsh)

We are going to create zshrc config files in a central config folder for easy backups.

mkdir ~/Config

then create 2 files in there

touch ~/Config/zshrc-global ~/Config/zshrc-user

Now we need to create a new user zsh config folder

mkdir ~/.config/zsh

now we are going to symlink the config files to where zsh expects them to be

sudo ln -sf ~/Config/zshrc-global /etc/zsh/zshrc
ln -sf ~/Config/zshrc-user ~/.config/zsh/.zshrc

Now we need to set the dotfile location in zshenv

sudo vim /etc/zsh/zshenv

Add in the following line

export ZDOTDIR=~/.config/zsh

Save and exit

ZSH should be functional with a terrible prompt, so lets fix that first.

Installing a Powerline Font

We are gonna need the right fonts for all the icons

sudo pacman -S ttf-meslo-nerd

Change the terminal/monospace font to MesloLGS NF Regular in your terminal or DE settings

Configuring Guake

Guake is my terminal of choice, I like that it can split the window and it opens and closes fullscreen with a single button nice quick and easy. For KDE users there is Yauake, It is very much like Guake, but there are a ton more Guake clones out there, You should be able to follow this guide for most of them.

Install Guake with the following command

sudo pacman -S guake

Now open guake preferences from your menu.

Under General disable the tray icon and the startup popup

Under Main Window Disable the Tab Bar and put the height and width full

Under Appearance Set Meslo LGS Nerd Font Regular as your font, set Tango as your color scheme and set the transparency to your liking.

Under Keyboard Shortcuts I set "Toggle Guake Visibility" to `, this can give problems, in this case also set the hotkey in your DE to "guake", set "Split tab vertical" to CTRL + N, "Split tab horizontal" to CTRL + B, "Focus terminal above" to Ctrl + Up, "Focus terminal below" to Ctrl + Down, "Focus terminal on the left" to Ctrl + Left, "Focus terminal to the right" to Ctrl + Right, "Increase heigth" to Ctrl + Shift + Down, "Decrease Height" to Ctrl + Shift + Up, "Increase transparency" to Ctrl + Shift + Left and finally "Decrease transparancy" to Ctrl + Shift + Right

Ofcourse you can config anything else you like, but for me this is enough

Configuring Alacritty

I use Alacritty for a quick and fast terminal it works especially great with tiling window managers you can install it with the following command

sudo pacman -S alacritty

First we are going to create a config file for Alacritty

touch ~/Config/alacritty.yml

Now we are going to create the config folder alacritty expects

mkdir ~/.config/alacritty

And finally symlink the file to the location alacritty expects it to be.

ln -sf ~/Config/alacritty.yml ~/.config/alacritty/alacritty.yml

Now it is time to configure alacritty using the file

nvim ~/Config/alacritty.yml

We are gonna need some fonts to properly display the icons with our theme so add in the following lines, you can change the font, But I recommend putting this one first to follow along with the guide.

#MesloLGS font
font:
  normal:
    family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
    style: Regular

  bold:
    family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
    style: Bold

  italic:
    family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
    style: Italic

  bold_italic:
    family: MesloLGS Nerd Font
    style: Bold Italic

  size: 11

Setting a nice color theme is vital, The same applies here, you can change it later, but I recommend just following along for now. There are tons of color schemes available.

#Tango color theme
colors:
   primary:
     background: '#000000'
     foreground: '#ffffff'
   normal:
     black:   '#000000'
     red:     '#cc0000'
     green:   '#4e9a06'
     yellow:  '#c4a000'
     blue:    '#3465a4'
     magenta: '#75507b'
     cyan:    '#06989a'
     white:   '#d3d7cf'
   bright:
     black:   '#555753'
     red:     '#ef2929'
     green:   '#8ae234'
     yellow:  '#fce94f'
     blue:    '#729fcf'
     magenta: '#ad7fa8'
     cyan:    '#34e2e2'
     white:   '#eeeeec'

Spawn a new terminal in the current location with CTRL + SHIFT + N

key_bindings:
  - { key: N,   mods: Control|Shift, action: SpawnNewInstance }

Powerlevel10K

Powerlevel10K is a great theme for ZSH, it is very configurable and has a lot of cool features

Sadly it is unmaintained, but it works fine, we can clone the repo into our /usr/share folder.

sudo git clone https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/

Now we need to include the following lines in our zshrc-global file

#P10k
source /usr/share/zsh-theme-powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme

And the following lines to our zshrc-user file

#P10k
[[ ! -f ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh

To configure Powerlevel10K you must run the following command

p10k configure

Have some patience and run trough the interactive configuration

Now we just need to symlink the config file to the expected location

ln -sf ~/Config/p10k.zsh ~/.config/zsh/.p10k.zsh

When you exit the terminal and start it again it should look all nice :)

Installing LSD

lsd is like ls with colors, nice icons and other visual cues that help you.

It is in the repos, simply install it with the following command

sudo pacman -S lsd

You can now run it with lsd, we will later alias ls to lsd in our zsh configuration.

try the following command for example

lsd -la ~

Adding ZSH Options and Keybinds

ZSH options change the default behavior so do keybinds

You can add them all or just the ones you like to your zshrc-global file

Give flag suggestions for programs

autoload -Uz compinit && compinit

Gives you a menu when navigating suggestions

zstyle ':completion:*' menu select
zstyle ':completion::complete:*' gain-privileges 1

History settings for ZSH

export HISTFILE=~/.config/zsh/.zsh_history
export HISTSIZE=1000000
export SAVEHIST=1000000
setopt EXTENDED_HISTORY
setopt HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS
setopt HIST_FIND_NO_DUPS
setopt inc_append_history

Press up and down to search to matching history

bindkey "^[[A" history-beginning-search-backward
bindkey "^[[B" history-beginning-search-forward

Case insensitive tab completion, Also enables cd doc/fo/su to go to /documents/folder/subfolder

zstyle ':completion:*' matcher-list 'm:{a-z}={A-Z}' 'r:|[._-]=* r:|=*' 'l:|=* r:|=*'

I really don't see the use for Flow Control

unsetopt flow_control

Fix navigation keys

bindkey  "^[[H"   beginning-of-line
bindkey  "^[[F"   end-of-line
bindkey  "^[[3~"  delete-char
bindkey  "^[[5~"  beginning-of-line
bindkey  "^[[6~"  end-of-line

Adding Aliases

Aliases are simply alternatives for a string of text, as an easy example, v will type nvim, and sv will type sudo nvim. You can also chose to remove some or add more.

Simply add the following text to one of your ~/config/zshrc files, user will set it for you, and global will set it for everyone,

alias a="awk"
alias b="btrfs"
alias c="cryptsetup"
alias d="docker"
alias e="echo"
alias f="fdisk"
alias g="git"
alias h="history"
alias j="jobs -l"
alias k="kubectl"
alias l="ls -la" 
alias m="man"
alias n="neofetch"
alias o="openssl"
alias p="pacman"
alias r="reboot"
alias s="sudo"
alias t="tail -f"
alias u="uname"
alias v="nvim"
alias w="whence"
alias sudo="sudo "
alias ffs="sudo !!"
alias distro="cat /etc/*-release"
alias hk="cat ~/config/hotkeys"
alias sv="sudo v"
alias md="mkdir -p"
alias tk="take"
alias rmd="rm -rf"
alias sgrep="grep -R -n -H -C 5 --exclude-dir={.git,.svn,CVS} "
alias hgrep="fc -El 0 | grep"
alias please='sudo'
alias phone='ssh houtworm@pinephone'
alias server='ssh houtworm@server'
alias game='gamemoderun mangohud'
alias ytflac="youtube-dl -x --audio-format flac --prefer-ffmpeg"
alias ytmkv="youtube-dl -F"
alias lol='lolcat'
alias cd1="cd .."
alias cd2="cd ../.."
alias cd3="cd ../../.."
alias cd4="cd ../../../.."
alias cd5="cd ../../../../.."
alias cd6="cd ../../../../../.."
alias cd7="cd ../../../../../../.."
alias cd8="cd ../../../../../../../.."
alias cd9="cd ../../../../../../../../.."
alias scls="systemctl list-unit-files"
alias scs="sudo systemctl status "
alias scre="sudo systemctl restart "
alias scst="sudo systemctl start "
alias scsp="sudo systemctl stop "
alias scen="sudo systemctl enable "
alias scenn="sudo systemctl enable now "
alias scdi="sudo systemctl disable "
alias fwd="firewall-cmd"
alias fwdlist="firewall-cmd --list-all-zones"
alias fwdre="firewall-cmd --reload"
alias gi="git init"
alias ga="git add *"
alias gc="git commit -m"
alias gp="git push"
alias me="ifconfig | grep "inet " | cut -b 9- | cut -d" " -f2"
alias allcolor="for i in {0..255}; do print -Pn "%K{$i}  %k%F{$i}${(l:3::0:)i}%f " ${${(M)$((i%6)):#3}:+$"\n"}; done"
alias rainbow="printf "$BBLA\n$BRED\n$BGRE\n$BYEL\n$BBLU\n$BMAG\n$BCYA\n$BWHI\n\n""
alias dud="du -d 1 -h"
alias duf="du -sh *"
alias :q="exit"
alias ls="lsd" 
alias ports="netstat -tulanp"
alias compr="gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror *.c && ./a.out && rm a.out" 
alias compra="gcc -Wall -Wextra -Werror *.c && ./a.out" 
alias norme="norminette -R CheckForbiddenSourceHeader" 
alias valg="gcc *.c -ggdb3 && valgrind --show-leak-kinds=all --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes ./a.out && rm a.out"
alias valga="gcc *.c -ggdb3 && valgrind --show-leak-kinds=all --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes ./a.out" 
alias normsh="checkbashisms" 
alias banned='sudo fail2ban-client banned | tr -t "[{" " \n" | tr -d ":]},"'

Adding ZSH Functions

ZSH functions are like tiny scripts that perform a task, you can add the ones you think are useful to you to one of the zshrc files, I suggest global so anyone can use them :)

Press Ctrl + Z to bring stuff to the background but also bring stuff back to the foreground instead of typing fg

backforeswitch () {
  if [[ $#BUFFER -eq 0 ]]; then
    BUFFER="fg"
    zle accept-line -w
  else
    zle push-input -w
    zle clear-screen -w
  fi
}
zle -N backforeswitch
bindkey '^Z' backforeswitch

Press Esc twice to put sudo in front of your previous command.

sudoswitch() {
    [[ -z $BUFFER ]] && zle up-history
    if [[ $BUFFER == sudo\ * ]]; then
        LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#sudo }"
    elif [[ $BUFFER == $EDITOR\ * ]]; then
        LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#$EDITOR }"
        LBUFFER="sudoedit $LBUFFER"
    elif [[ $BUFFER == sudoedit\ * ]]; then
        LBUFFER="${LBUFFER#sudoedit }"
        LBUFFER="$EDITOR $LBUFFER"
    else
        LBUFFER="sudo $LBUFFER"
    fi
}
zle -N sudoswitch
bindkey "\e\e" sudoswitch
bindkey -M vicmd '\e\e' sudoswitch

Make the man pages all colorful

function man() {
    env \
        LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$(printf "\e[1;31m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_md=$(printf "\e[1;31m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_me=$(printf "\e[0m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_se=$(printf "\e[0m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_so=$(printf "\e[0;37;102m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$(printf "\e[0m") \
        LESS_TERMCAP_us=$(printf "\e[4;32m") \
        PAGER="${commands[less]:-$PAGER}" \
        _NROFF_U=1 \
        GROFF_NO_SGR=1 \
        PATH=${HOME}/bin:${PATH} \
    man "$@"
}

Creates a TAR archive of a file or folder.

function maketar() { tar cvzf "${1%%/}.tar.gz"  "${1%%/}/"; }

Create a ZIP archive of a file or folder.

function makezip() { zip -r "${1%%/}.zip" "$1" ; }

Extracts any type of archive automagically

function extract {
 if []; then
    echo "Usage: extract <path/file_name>.<zip|rar|bz2|gz|tar|tbz2|tgz|Z|7z|xz|ex|tar.bz2|tar.gz|tar.xz>"
 else
    if [] ; then
        case $1 in
          *.tar.bz2)   tar xvjf $1    ;;
          *.tar.gz)    tar xvzf $1    ;;
          *.tar.xz)    tar xvJf $1    ;;
          *.lzma)      unlzma $1      ;;
          *.bz2)       bunzip2 $1     ;;
          *.rar)       unrar x -ad $1 ;;
          *.gz)        gunzip $1      ;;
          *.tar)       tar xvf $1     ;;
          *.tbz2)      tar xvjf $1    ;;
          *.tgz)       tar xvzf $1    ;;
          *.zip)       unzip $1       ;;
          *.Z)         uncompress $1  ;;
          *.7z)        7z x $1        ;;
          *.xz)        unxz $1        ;;
          *.exe)       cabextract $1  ;;
          *)           echo "extract: '$1' - unknown archive method" ;;
        esac
    else
        echo "$1 - file does not exist"
    fi
fi
}

The git riddle

function iacp() {
if []
then
	echo "Usage: iacp <name> <link> <comment>"
else
	git init
	git add *
	git commit -m "$3"
	git remote add $1 $2
	git push --set-upstream $1 master
fi
}

The git push

function acp() {
if []
then
	echo "Usage: acp <comment>"
else
	git add *
	git commit -m "$1"
	git push
fi
}

take or tk = mkdir -p and cd in one

function take() {
	md "$1"
	cd "$1"
}

Really clear the screen with Ctrl + L

clearbetter () {
  BUFFER="clear"
  zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N clearbetter
bindkey '^L' clearbetter

Reload ZSH with Ctrl + S

resourcezsh () {
  BUFFER="exec -l zsh"
  zle accept-line -w
  BUFFER="clear"
  zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N resourcezsh
bindkey '^S' resourcezsh

Exit with Ctrl + Q

ctrlqexit () {
  BUFFER=":q"
  zle accept-line -w
}
zle -N ctrlqexit
bindkey '^Q' ctrlqexit

Unban IPs with fail2ban

unban () {
  sudo fail2ban-client unban $@
}

ZSH Plugins

To add plugins to ZSH we simply need to download them and source the main .zsh file of that plugin in one of your zshrc files. Below are the ones I use

Fast Syntax Highlighting is great, it gives your input color based on brackets, if it is correct or not, etc

git clone https://github.com/z-shell/F-Sy-H /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H

Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H/F-Sy-H.plugin.zsh

Alias Tips helps you remember the aliases you set, if you don't use a set alias it will notify you of the alias in a way that doesn't annoy you.

git clone https://github.com/djui/alias-tips /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips

Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips/alias-tips.plugin.zsh

ZSH Autosuggestions is nice, it tries to complete a command based on your history

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.zsh

Also add the following line to the /etc/zsh/zshenv file to drastically speed up this plugin

export ZSH_AUTOSUGGEST_MANUAL_REBIND

Z is a pretty cool plugin for fast navigation just type z nameoffolder and it will jump to it based on history.

git clone https://github.com/agkozak/zsh-z /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z

Now simply source the .zsh file in your global zshrc by adding the following line to it

source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z/zsh-z.plugin.zsh

Also be sure to set the ZSHZ_DATA variable in /etc/zsh/zshenv by adding the following line to it

export ZSHZ_DATA=~/.config/zsh/.z

You can install any more you like, just be sure it doesn't slow down your shell.

Updating ZSH Plugins with Pacman

Updating these plugins is important for compatibility and new features.

Create a file for the script

vim ~/Scripts/update-zshplugins.sh

Add in the following content

	git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/F-Sy-H pull
	git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/alias-tips pull
	git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions pull
	git -C /usr/share/zsh/plugins/z pull

create a file in the pacman hooks directory for zsh plugins

sudo vim /usr/share/libalpm/hooks/zsh.hook

Add in the following text

[Trigger]
Operation = Upgrade
Type = Package
Target = *
[Action]
Description = Update ZSH Plugins
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /bin/bash /home/USERNAME/Scripts/update-zshplugins.sh

Save and exit and try to update your system, if you are lucky you have an update and you can see the script in action after the update.

ZSH Hotkeys

Just a simple overview of all the hotkeys you can use Up and Down Arrow = Browse history matching current line Ctrl + A = Go to start of line Ctrl + B = Move 1 character back Ctrl + C = Cancel, Stop the current operation. Ctrl + D = Quit the session Ctrl + E = Go to end of line Ctrl + F = Move 1 character forward Ctrl + G = Nothing Ctrl + H = DOUBLE Delete Character before the cursor Ctrl + I = Nothing Ctrl + J = Nothing Ctrl + K = Remove everything behind the cursor Ctrl + L = clear screen Ctrl + M = Nothing Ctrl + N = Browse History matching current line Ctrl + O = Nothing Ctrl + P = Browse History matching current line Ctrl + Q = Quit, Types exit and presses enter. Ctrl + R = Search in History Ctrl + S = Nothing Ctrl + T = Nothing Ctrl + U = Delete everything before the cursor Ctrl + V = Nothing Ctrl + W = Delete the word before the cursor Ctrl + X = Nothing Ctrl + Y = Undo Ctrl + Z = toggle program to background and foreground

Installing Neofetch

Neofetch is a cool tool that shows some system information and a asci art logo of your distro. Install it with the following command

sudo pacman -S neofetch

Now you can run it by just typing neofetch in a terminal :)